1732-1939 A.D.)King (Jao) Tipchang took advantage of weakening Burmese forces and installed loyal rulers in various Lanna prefectures, including his son Prince Kaew, who he put in charge of Lampang. But the Burmese gathered another round of strength between 1764 and 1774 and attacked Siam a total of nine times during that period.
Birth of a Dynasty The Lanna capital at Chiangmai was finally released from the Burmese stronghold on 5 Feb. 1774, when Siam's King Taaksin led an army into the city. Prince Kaew's son Prince Gawila of Lampang and Phraya Ja Baan of Chiangmai helped. After their heroic deeds, King Taaksin officially appointed Prince Gawila to rule Lampang and Phraya Ja Baan took over at Chiangmai. But when Taaksins successor, Phraya Chakri (Rama I), took the throne in Siam's new capital, Bangkok, the new king accused Chiangmais Phraya Ja Baan of spending too much time rubbing elbows in the capital during Taaksins reign, when Chiangmai needed him more at home. Rama I then banished Phraya Ja Baan from the throne in Chiangmai and promoted Lampangs Prince Gawila to the northern capital. As Tipchang's grandson, Gawila in effect continued the family dynasty. It was Three years after The War of Nine Armies, 1782, that Siam repelled the Burmese invaders out of the kingdom. By 1785, Jao Gawila was trying to repair Chiangmai after so many years of war and ruin, when the Burmese struck again this time in Lampang. The Kings army held them off for about four months, until Siamese troops from Bangkok stepped in yet again to help free the northern Kingdom from Burmese invaders. Together, the two armies managed to push the invaders back, and the struggle seemed to bring the two kings closer together as well. In 1802 the Burmese surrounded Chiangmai with seven thousand troops. The siege lasted for two months. Again, Siamese troops marched from Bangkok to help. Again, the Burmese were expelled. This time Rama I, continuing the effort started by Taaksin to unify Siam as one kingdom, promoted Gawila as King of 57 Lanna cities. But the Burmese still had a hold on Chiangsaen. In 1804, Gawila and Rama I marched their respective Lanna and Siamese armies into the city, but the Burmese fought hard. The Bangkok soldiers grew ill and lacked food and medicine, resulting in their temporary withdrawal. But Gawila's soldiers kept fighting, eventually seizing Chiangsaen along with many, many Burmese captives. The following year, Rama I ordered Jao Gawila to attack Muang Yong, Chiangroong, Saenwee, Sipaw, Chiangtoong and other northern cities in some cases to drive out Burmese, and in others, simply to continue building a bigger Siam. By the mid-1700s, The Lanna Kingdom consisted of seven prefectures, also known as the Seven Valleys that make up northern Thailand: Lampang, Lumpoon, Chiangmai, Prae, Naan and Mae Hong Sorn. The Tipchang Dynasty reigned over this region until the Siamese military overthrew the power of the monarch, and stripped all regional rulers with the exception of the current Chakri dynasty still based in Bangkok from their status as royalty
No. Ruler (Jao)1 Jao Gawila2 Jao Luang Thamma Lanka3 Jao Luang Setthee 4 Jao Luang Bhuthawong5 Jao Mahottrara Prathet6 Jao Gawiloros Suriyawong7 Jao Inta Wichayanon (Princess Daras father)8 Jao Inthawarorot Suriyawong9 Jao Kaew Nawarart
B.E. A.D. 2325-2358 - 1782-18152358-2364 - 1815-18212365-2368 - 1822-18252369-2389 - 1826-18462390-2397 - 1847-18542397-2413 - 1854-18702413-2440 - 1870-18972440-2452 - 1897-19092452-2482 - 1909-1939
Important Dates in Lanna History
1259 Mengrai ascends the throne.
1262 Mengrai founds Chiang Rai
1281 Mengrai conquers Haripunchai.
1287 Mengrai establishes the Kingdom of Lanna Thai
1297 Chiang Mai is founded.
1317 Death of Mengrai
1338 Payao is annexed to Chiang Mai.
1340 Wat Phra Sing is founded in Chiang Mai.
1355-1385 Reign of Ku Na
1385-1401 Reign of Saen Muang Ma
1401-1441 Reign of Kham Ku (Kaen)
1423 Lanna monks are ordained in Sri Lanka.
1441 Chao Lok ambushes and captures his father to ascend to the throne as King Tilokaraja.
1451-1460 War with Ayutthaya
1455 Eighth World Buddhist council meets in Chiang Mai.
1478 Wat Chedi Luang is constructed in Chiang Mai.
1487 Death of Tilokaraja
1508-1515 Wars with Ayutthaya
1545 After a series of unworthy kings, a revolt in Chiang Mai attracts an Ayutthayan army.
1545 An earthquake destroys many temples in Chiang Mai.
1548 A Siamese army unsuccessfully besieges Chiang Mai.
1558 Chiang Mai is invaded by King Bayinnaung of Pegu (Burma).
1565 Luang Prabang (in Laos) falls to the Burmese.
1569 Ayutthaya falls to the Burmese.
1598 Naresuan recaptures Chiang Mai.
1600 King Naresuan of Ayutthaya defeats the King of Pegu, leaving Ava to become the paramount power in Burma.
1615 The Burmese regain control over Lanna Thai, a rule which lasts almost uninterrupted for one century.
1717 Phya Tun is nominated by the King of Ava to become Prince of Nan, a title his family will retain until the end of absolute monarchy in Siam in 1932.
1727-1770 Rebellions and wars against the Burmese
1727 A general named Thip defeats a Burmese army and is proclaimed ruler of Lampang under the name Phra Sulawa. His descendents will rule over Lampang, Lamphun and Chiang Mai until the 19th century.
1767 The Burmese attack and destroy Ayutthaya.
1771 General Phya Tak (who will later become King Taksin of Thonburi, the third capital of Thailand) dispatches an army to Chiang Mai to fight the Burmese.
1774 King Kawila, ruler of Lampang, fights the Burmese and hands Chiang Mai over to Phya Tak. The city, impoverished by long civil wars, is abandoned for 20 years.
1782 Phya Chakri becomes the first king of the Chakri Dynasty, under the name of Ramathibodi, and founds Bangkok (the present capital of Thailand).
1787-1801 The Burmese mount periodic expeditions attempting to regain Lanna Thai.
1796 Kawila repopulates Chiang Mai.
1804 Ramathibodi (later posthumously renamed Rama I) and King Kawila finally defeat the Burmese. The last Burmese stronghold, Chiang Saen, is razed to prevent reoccupation by the invaders, and the population is deported to Lampang.
1813 Kawila dies.
1874 A Siamese High Commissioner is sent to reside in Chiang Mai, and the Bangkok government begins to administer Lanna Thai directly.
1885 The British conquer upper Burma, ensuring peace on the western border, although the British will start to meddle in northern affairs.
1887 Siam cedes to France some provinces in Laos, which the Thais had controlled for a hundred years since the war in the North by Phya Tak.
1890 Bands of Chinese Haw, many of them bandits, enter northern Thailand and Laos.
1893 Thailand loses to France some territories on the west bank of the Mekong River (Present day Laos and Cambodia).
1921 The railway reaches Chiang Mai.
1927 Rama VII visits Chiang Mai, entering the city with a stately procession of elephants.
1932 Khruba Srivijaya, a highly revered northern monk, refuses to accept the authority of the national Sangha.
1939 The last Prince of Chiang Mai, Kaew Nawarat, dies. Siam changes its name to Thailand.
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