SEJARAH NEGERI KELANTAN.

.”
Penderma:
Richard Egg
Tarikh:
October 6, 2009
Jumlah:
USD 200.00
Menderma
[Singkir]
[Perlihat]Wikipedia Selamanya Pengetahuan kita. Khazanah kita. Bantulah kami melindunginya.
[Perlihat]Wikipedia Selamanya Pengetahuan kita. Khazanah kita. Bantulah kami melindunginya.
Sejarah Kelantan
Dari Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas.
Lompat ke: pandu arah, gelintar
Sejarah Malaysia
Sebahagian daripada siri Sejarah Malaysia

Prasejarah Malaysia (40,000-2,000 SM)
Gangga Negara (abad ke-2-11)
Langkasuka (abad ke-2-14)
Pan Pan (abad ke-3-5)
Srivijaya (abad ke-3 -1400)
Kedah Tua (1136 -???)
Majapahit (1293-1500)
Kesultanan Melaka (1402-1511)
Kesultanan Johor (1528-kini)
Perang Saudara Jementah (1879)
Persekutuan Pattani Besar (1603-1785)
Raja Putih (1841-1946)
Malaya British (1874-1946)
Perjanjian Inggeris-Belanda 1824
Perjanjian Burney (1826)
Penempatan Selat (1826-1946)
Perang Kelang (1867-1874)
Perjanjian Pangkor 1874
Negeri-negeri Melayu Bersekutu (1895-1946)
Negeri-negeri Melayu Tidak Bersekutu (abad ke-19 -1946)
Perjanjian Inggeris-Siam 1909
Pertempuran Pulau Pinang (1914)
Borneo Utara (1882-1963)
Penentangan Mat Salleh (1896-1900)
Perang Dunia II (1941-1945)
Perang Tanah Melayu (1941-1942)
Pembunuhan beramai-ramai di Parit Sulong (1942)
Perang Singapura (1942)
Syburi (1942-1945)
Kawat Kematian Sandakan (1945)
Malayan Union (1946-1948)
Persekutuan Tanah Melayu (1948-1963)
Darurat Tanah Melayu (1948-1960)
Peristiwa Bukit Kepong (1950)
Rundingan Baling (1955)
Hari Kemerdekaan (1957)
Persekutuan Malaysia (1963-kini)
Konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia (1962-1966)
Pemberontakan Brunei (1962-1966)
Rusuhan Kaum 1964 (1964)
Pemisahan Singapura (1965)
Peristiwa 13 Mei (1969)
Dasar Ekonomi Baru (1971-1990)
Operasi Lalang (1987)
Krisis Perlembagaan Malaysia 1988 (1987-88)
Krisis Kewangan Asia (1997-98)
Al-Ma'unah (2000)
Perhimpunan Bersih (2007)
[sunting]
Negeri Kelantan yang mempunyai seni budaya tradisional yang unik ini juga mempunyai sejarah persinggahsanaan yang menarik. Diriwayatkan dalam tahun 1411M (814H) di Kelantan, terdapat seorang Raja yang beragama Islam bernama Raja Kumar. Tetapi sehingga kini ahli-ahli sejarah masih belum dapat mengesani daripada manakah asalnya Raja Kumar ini. Walau bagaimanapun baginda Raja Kumar telah menjalinkan hubungan muhibbah dengan Maharaja China, dan sebaliknya dalam tahun 1412M, baginda Raja Kumar telah menerima persembahan balas berupa kain-kain sutera dan surat kepujian daripada maharaja China itu.
Selepas pemerintahan Raja Kumar lahir pula pemerintahan Sultan Iskandar sehingga 1465M. Kemudian Negeri Kelantan diperintah pula oleh Putera Baginga Sultan Mansur. Dalam zaman pemerintahan Sultan Mansur, nama Negeri Kelantan telah menjadi masyhur sehingga ke negeri Melaka di bawah pemerintahan Sultan Mahmud Shah. Pada 1477M, Raja Melaka ini telah menghantar bala tenteranya untuk menyerang Negeri Kelantan. Walau bagaimanapun ia berakhir dengan satu simpulan peristiwa yang menarik, iaitu baginda Sultan Mahmud Shah telah berkahwin dengan Puteri Sultan Mansur yang bernama Onang Kening, yang kemudian menjadi bonda kepada Raja Perak yang pertama, iaitu Sultan Muzaffar Shah (1528M).
Apabila Sultan Mansur Shah mangkat 1526M (928H), maka putera baginda, Raja Gombak ditabalkan menjadi Sultan dengan gelaran "Sultan Gombak". Setelah baginda Raja Gombak mangkat, maka cucunda baginda yang telah dijadikan putera angkat, iaitu Raja Ahmad, ditabal menjadi Sultan Kelantan pada 1584M (992H). Dengan gelaran Sultan Ahmad, Baginda telah berkahwin dengan Cik Banun puteri Seri Nara D'Raja, iaitu sepupu kepada Raja Hussein di sebelah isteri Lela Wangsa Pahang. Baginda berdua telah dikurniakan seorang puteri dinamakan Cik Siti Wan Kembang.
Baginda Sultan Ahmad mangkat pada 1589M, sewaktu puteri baginda Cik Siti Wan Kembang berusia 4 tahun, dan oleh sebab itu Raja Hussein dari Johor telah dilantik menjadi Pemangku Raja Pemerintah Kelantan. Bila Raja Hussein mangkat pada 1610M (1018H), maka Cik Wan Kembang ditabal menjadi Raja Kelantan. Baginda bersemayam di Gunung Chinta Wangsa, Ulu Kelantan, kira-kira 40 kilometer ke arah Tenggara Kuala Krai.
Pemerintahan Cik Siti Wan Kembang di Gunung Chinta Wangsa menjadi terkenal menyebabkan banyak dikunjungi oleh pedagang-pedagang dari dalam dan luar negeri termasuk juga orang-orang Arab yang mengelarkan Cik Wan kembang dengan panggilan "Paduka Cik Siti". Baginda mempunyai seekor kijang yang kemudiannya menjadi lambang kebesaran negeri Kelantan.
Semasa dalam pemerintahan Cik Siti Wan Kembang, telah timbul sebuah lagi kerajaan berpusat di Jembal, di bawah pemerintahan Raja Sakti 1638M (1046H). Setelah Baginda mangkat, maka putera Baginda, Raja Loyor telah ditabal menjadi Raja pada 1649M (1059H). Baginda dianugerahkan dengan dua orang cahaya mata iaitu seorang putera, Raja Sakti yang mangkat sejak kecil lagi dan seorang puteri bernama Puteri Saadong.
Hubungan baik telah terjalin di antara Kerajaan Cik Siti Wan Kembang dengan Kerajaan Loyor di Jembal. Baginda mengambil Puteri Saadong sebagai anak angkat yang akan mewarisi takhta kerajaan sepeninggalannya nanti.
Puteri Saadong seorang gadis ayu yang cantik dan jelita, digelar oleh penduduk Gunung Chinta Wangsa sebagai Puteri Wijaya Mala. Perihal kecantikan Puteri Saadong itu telah sampai kepada Maharaja Siam yang menghantar utusan untuk meminang Puteri Saadong, tetapi ditolak. Puteri Saadong telah dikahwinkan dengan Raja Abdullah iaitu sepupunya, dan telah dimahkotakan di Kota Tegayong (Tanah Serendah Sekebun Bunga Cherang Tegayong) dan kemudiannya dipindahkan ke Kota Jelasin di Kota Mahligai.
Puteri Saadong telah diculik oleh Penglima Tentera Siam bernama Phraya Decho dan dibawa kepada Narai Maharaja Siam (1656-1688), kerana kesetiaannya pada suami baginda tidak boleh disentuh oleh Maharaja Siam. Setelah Puteri Saadong kembali ke Kelantan telah berlaku pergaduhan dengan Raja Abdullah. Akibat pergaduhan itu Raja Abdullah terkorban kerana kena tikaman cucuk sanggul Puteri Saadong.
Selepas kemangkatan Raja Abdullah, Puteri Saadong telah melantik Raja Abdul Rahim iaitu saudara raja Abdullah menjadi Sultan di Kota Mahligai pada 1671M (1082H) dan dikahwinkan dengan janda Raja Abdullah, anak Penghulu Ngah Jembal. Selepas itu Puteri Saadong menjadi Raja di Bukit Marak dan sejak itu kisahnya tidak dapat dikesan lagi.
Kemudian, Raja Abdul Rahim telah mangkat ditikam oleh rakyatnya di tepi Tasek Lelayang Mandi. Dengan itu putuslah sejarah "kerajaan mahligai" dan wujud pula Kerajaan Jembal yang pada waktu itu terletak dibawah pemerintahan Raja Omar yang bergelar Sultan Omar pada 1675M (1086H).
Raja Omar adalah adinda kepada Raja Loyor yang sebelum itu telah bergelar Temenggong Sultan Omar mempunyai lima orang putera dan puteri, iaitu Raja Kecil Sulung, Raja Ngah yang bergelar Raja Hudang, Raja Nah, Raja Sakti dan Raja Pah. Setelah Raja Omar mangkat pada 1721M (1132H), Baginda Long Bahar telah ditabal menjadi Sultan di Jembal atas kehendak puteri sulungnya, Raja Kecil Sulung. Baginda Long Bahar adalah putera Raja Petani (Wan Daim) yang bergelar Datuk Pengkalan Tua yang berhijrah ke Kelantan bersama ayahndanya dan berkahwin dengan Raja Pah Puteri Sultan Omar dan memerintah di Sening dekat Jembal.
Long Sulaiman (Wan Anom Long Nik) anak Long Bahar dengan Raja Perempuan Patani bergelar Mas Kelantan mempunyai seorang putera bernama Long Yunus dan dua orang puteri, iaitu Tuan Dewi dan Tuan Kembang yang berkahwin dengan Long Deraman putera Tuan Senik Getting yang memerintah di Legeh. Pada 1756M (1169H) telah berlaku serangan untuk merebut takhta dan akhirnya telah membawa kemangkatan Long Sulaiman. Berikutnya Long Pendak, sepupu Long Sulaiman telah dilantik menjadi Raja Kubang Labu, dan adiknya pula Long Muhammad dilantik menjadi Raja Muda.
Kemudiannya pada 1758M, Long Pendak telah mangkat di tangan Long Deraman kerana membalas dendam terhadap perbuatan Long Pendak membunuh isterinya Tengku Tengah iaitu adik Long Deraman. Selepas itu Long Muhamad dilantik menjadi Sultan di Kota Kubang Labu. Dalam masa pemerintahan Long Muhammad telah meletuskan peperangan antara pihak Long Muhammad yang dibantu oleh Long Deraman dengan Long Gaffar, putera kepada Raja Reman di Hulu Perak. Dalam peperangan pada 1762M, Long Muhammad dan Long Deraman telah tumpas dan Kerajaan Kubang Labu telah dapat dikuasai oleh Long Yunus. bagi mengenang jasa Long Gaffar yang membantunya dalam peperangan itu, maka baginda Long Yunus telah melantik Long Gaffar menjadi Perdana Menteri memerintah dari kawasan Jeram sampai ke Pasir Tumbuh. Baginda Long Yunus telah berjaya menyatukan seluruh pemerintahan Negeri Kelantan yang banyak itu dengan meletakkannya dibawah satu pemerintahan pusat sahaja.

HIS MAJESTY KING BHUMIBOL THAILAND.

His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand
The Grand Audience in Amarindra Vinichaiya Hall of the Grand Palace.
The Royal Family of Thailand photographed in the Baisal Daksin Hall of the Grand Palace on the occasion of the Longest Reign Celebrations.
It has often been said that, apart from the normal economic and security requirements, the independence and integrity of Thailand are assured by three unifying factors: its people's freedom-loving spirit, the Buddhist Religion and the Thai Throne. Indeed, the three factors were already there together at the first founding of the first integrated Thai nation with its capital at Sukhothai more than seven centuries ago and have successfully survived the test of time just as Thailand itself has also survived as a united and independent country throughout its long History up to the present days, while countries all around in Southeast Asia at certain periods fell disintegrated or victims of colonialist powers. For that reason, no Thai would now deny that as these unique and sacred institutions survive and flourish, so the Thai nation will also survive and flourish. Without either one of them, no one could foresee what Thailand would be like.
His Royal Highness Prince Mahidol of Songkhla holding His Majesty the King. Brookline, Massachusetts, U.S.A. 1928.
Her Royal Highness the Princess Mother with Their Royal Highnesses Prince Ananda Mahidol, Prince Bhumibol Adulyadej and Princess Galyani Vadhana. Lausanne, Switzerland. 1928.
The present Thai Monarch, His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A., on Monday the 5th of December 1927, being the third and youngest child of Their Royal Highnesses Prince and Princess Mahidol of Songkhla and grandson in direct line of the celebrated King Chulalongkorn or Rama V of the present Royal House of Chakri of Bangkok. After a period of primary schooling in Bangkok, he went with his Family to Switzerland where he received his secondary as well as university education. While already King, he married the 18 year-old Mom Rajawongse Sirikit, daughter of His Highness Prince Chandaburi Suranath (Mom Chao Nakkhatra Mangala Kitiyakara) and Mom Luang Bua Kitiyakara, on the 28th of April 1950. Their Majesties now have four children, namely:- 1. Her Royal Highness Princess Ubol Ratana,
b. 5th April 1951, in Lausanne, Switzerland.
2. His Royal Highness Crown Prince Vajiralongkorn,
b. 28th July 1952, in Bangkok, Thailand.
3. Her Royal Highness Princess Sirindhorn.
b. 2nd April 1955, in Bangkok, Thailand.
4. Her Royal Highness Princess Chulabhorn,
b. 4th July 1957, in Bangkok, Thailand.
Pouring a libation to consecrate his first Address as a fully crowned King in which he stated that, "We will reign with righteousness, for the benefits and happiness of the Siamese people". May 5, 1950.
Photographed after the Royal Wedding Ceremony. April 28, 1950.
His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej acceded to the Throne as Rama the IX of Thailand on the 9th of June 1946, when he was only 18 years of age. Thailand had become a Constitutional Monarchy since 1932 but the then King Prajadhipok reigned only for a few more years and King Ananda Mahidol, the present King's Elder Brother, who succeeded to the Throne at a very tender age, spent his Life mostly at study abroad before he met his unfortunate demise at the age of 20. The task, therefore, fell upon King Bhumibol Adulyadej to be the first really reigning Monarch under the Constitutional System and thus to give a new and contemporary meaning to the Thai Throne. With a perceptive as well as imaginative mind and an inborn sense of intense dedication, His Majesty has set himself with relish from the beginning of his Reign to analyze and find the true circumstances of the task at hand in order to devise the best approach and then try to accomplish the task in the best possible manner. His sense of involvement, be it in small or significant duties, is always so total that he would never feel relieved until each duty is carried out to his complete satisfaction.
His Majesty followed Buddhist tradition and entered the monkhood to make merit and meditate at Bovornives Temple. October 22 - November 5, 1956.
His Majesty starts by being meticulous in what is usually regarded as mere formalities such as in putting his Seal or Signature to all Laws and Decrees down to minor Public Orders. He instead acquaints himself with all subjects which pass before him and makes observations wherever appropriate, requesting clarifications from the relevant officials wherever necessary. He makes formal State Functions into personal affairs, even adjusting the details of some ceremonies to make them more authentic and meaningful, and above all, he always takes such opportunities to meet and talk with the people from all walks of life who attend these ceremonies in order to learn the true circumstances of their professions and thereby the true conditions of the country. His Majesty takes equally seriously such formal roles as of the Highest Commander of the Armed Forces or the Country's Supreme Representative in Foreign Affairs. He thus gets to know the problems and conditions of the country's fighting men at first hand and personally tends to their morale, equipment and bodily ills or comforts. He receives accredited representatives of friendly countries in both formal and informal manners, and he gives personal advices to all Thai representatives going abroad so that diplomacy is carried out in a more friendly and co-operative atmosphere. Their Majesties have, besides, paid State and Official Visits to more than 25 countries in all Continents and have received about the same number of visits from Foreign Heads of States, always exerting their charms and thus helping to enhance understandings between Thailand and the rest of the world.

The emphasis is given by His Majesty, in particular, to the close contact which he holds with the ordinary Thai people in all corners of the Realm. Either through extended tours or brief but frequent visits, Their Majesties have been to every one of the 72 provinces which go to compose Thailand and the more remote the area, perhaps the more often it gets visited. His activities in this direction are centred on getting to know the local conditions and problems from the people themselves and, after consulting with the officials concerned, to devise the best ways to improve the conditions or solve the problems. At the same time, he would emphasize to the local population the necessity of self-improvement and the impedance of the basic factors of life such as education and health so that at least the level of their general welfare could be improved.
His Majesty, however, never limits himself to academic studies of the country's conditions and problems but also tries in all practical ways to complement the Government's works in all appropriate fields of actions. With a group of volunteers and using his Privy Funds supplemented by voluntary contributions, he has helped to set up and supervise numerous Foundations and action groups in such fields as Public Health ,Education and Disaster Relief in order that medical care, supplies of food and other necessities of life, books and educational accessories, as well as breeding animals and seeds for propagation are available for distribution to needy people. His programme to solve the difficult and special problems of the Hill-tribes people in the northern part of the country, for example. have been successful to the extent that within a decade of its inception, agricultural methods normally practised in the lowlands have replaced the centuries old method of slash-and-burn cultivation which have destroyed vast areas of valuable forest reserves. Moreover, the programme now embraces introductory stages of activities ranging from animal husbandry. wet and dry cultivation of rice and other cash crops such as coffee, tobacco, soybean and corn. to production of preserved fruits and vegetables that in stages would alleviate the hardship and suffering of this poorer sector of the rural population whose standard of living is close to the margin of subsistence. Reafforestation projects are also a major concern with a goal for replenishing destroyed forests for the preservation of watersheds and natural reservoirs. The growing success of the programme has also served to eliminate gradually the growth of opium poppies which used to be widespread among the Hill-tribes of Thailand. for the agricultural incomes earned through the programme substantially exceed the price which Hill-tribesmen used to acquire through the selling of opium. For this reason, His Majesty's programme has received enormous assistance and support from international organizations of all kinds which are interested in narcotics control and has even been taken as a model upon which similar programmes of crop substitution have been instituted in many other countries afflicted by the same problem of opium growing and narcotics production.
Being greeted by the villagers of Khok Yang, Tak bai District, Narathiwat Province. September 18, 1984.
The thoroughness, originality and success of His Majesty's projects are manifested in the agricultural experiments undertaken within the Palace grounds. The cultivation of different species of rice utilizing various mixtures of natural and chemical fertilizers in a variety of soil conditions that were experimented with in order to be used in the Annual Ploughing Ceremony resulted in a demonstration farm which introduced new technology in rice-cultivation to farmers for an increase in paddy production. The necessity to store a surplus of the cultivated rice led to storage experiments in traditional wooden granaries and modern concrete as well as metal silos. which in turn led to the establishment of a rice-mill to study the most economical method of rice milling. It then followed that a Husk Grinding Project to utilize the by-products of rice milling for use as fuel and fertilizer was initiated soon after.
Taking notes of the people's petitions during a visit in Senanikhom Sub-District, Ubon Ratchathani Province. November 28, 1979.
His Majesty has assisted in diversifying the livelihood of farmers through the promotion and extension of dairy farming whereby simple methods of animal husbandry, milking, pasteurizing and packaging are demonstrated to the interested public at the Dairy Farm and Milk Production Unit within the grounds of the Palace. A Powdered Milk Plant was also established to process the surplus of milk for distribution to the needy and to be sold on the market. All these experiments are considered as pilot projects for further application by farmers or farmers groups to promote and enhance the well-being of their families.
His Majesty's ingenuity and intellectual leadership in analysing the prob- lems of land reclamation and the usage of arable land to its fullest content led to instigation of land development projects with infrastructures necessary for agriculture such as the construction of weirs and dams for watershed development and flood control. cropping and pasture development. farm ponds and fish ponds. as well as breeding of cattle and utilization of waste products for improvement of the soil. Proper management of water resources for maximum benefit and proper treatment of used water is also a high priority concern of His Majesty. Blueprints of machinery designed by His Majesty to treat polluted water has been presented to the Royal Irrigation Department for experimental assembly and use.
Visiting with a wounded soldier in the Field Hospital of the Khao Kho Battle Field, Lom Sak District, Phetchabun Province, February 24, 1981.
His Majesty's advocacy of joint ownership of land by farmers' groups to prevent transference of land tenure into the hands of absentee landlords and financiers and advocacy of co-operative villages in which members and their families are given the right to till the land for perpetuity while the governing board of the co-operative is responsible for marketing, purchasing of necessary seeds, crops. foodstuffs and agricultural equipments or utensils for the members were realized in the Land Development Projects on a co-operative basis at Hoob Kapong and Dhon Khun Huay in Phetchaburi Province, Nong Plub in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province and Thung Lui Lai in Chaiyaphum Province. Such projects have provided farming families with permanent and sufficient land to work and to live on, thus eliminating shifting cultivation and illegal settlements while promoting agricultural activities that have procured the highest possible yields.
Mention must also be made of His Majesty's initiative in devising the Artificial Rain-making Project to provide water to arid areas in order to sustain crops beset by drought and his promoting of the digging of drainage canals most of which are designed to mitigate flooding in vast areas of paddy land and some of wnich are designed to reclaim swamp land for allocation into co-operative villages under an integrated scheme of land and community development to enhance the livelihood and well-being of the people of Thailand.
Their Majesties the King and Queen, in the company of Her Royal Highness Princess Sirindhorn, visiting with the local populace on the grounds of Chaiyo Temple, Chaiyo District, Ang Thong Province. October 24, 1973.
Royal visits with the people takes the Royal Family to all the regions of the Kingdom and in varying weather conditions and by all modes of transportation.
His Majesty's attention and consideration are given especially to the problems of the country's youth. To provide needy and orphaned children with education in the most economical and effective manner possible. hence minimiz- ing their chances of becoming unemployed, His Majesty initiated Welfare Schools attached to selected monasteries in the central provinces. Such schools followed the traditional pattern of education whereby monks taught subjects not contrary to Buddhist discipline while lay-teachers assisted in other subjects in accordance with Governmental educational programmes. Support for primary and secondary schools in remote areas of the south and northeastern parts of Thailand through Royal Funds for construction materials has also been given with labour jointly donated by army engineers in the particular Army Region as well as by the local populace.
In order to create a sense of self-responsibility and duty by youth to the society as a whole, His Majesty promoted the writing of a Thai Junior Encyclo- paedia in whicn useful informations are gathered for children with varying levels of educational background for home studies. The encyclopaedia includes matters in the fields of science and technology, history, mathematics and agriculture with the cost of printing borne by His Majesty while committees of specialists involved in research and writing have willingly donated their services to a project considered to be of great benefits to the public.
Inspecting an irrigation ditch of the Huai Khe Reservoir, Khao Wong District, Kalasin Province. November 18, 1981.
Inspecting sites for reservoirs in Chom Thong District, Chiang Mai Province. February 13, 1985.
Apart from tending to the material needs of education, His Majesty has managed to strike a remarkably close relationship with the country's youthful citizens and particularly with students of all levels. He maintains personal and special contacts with them by regularly attending such formal functions as the Degree Ceremonies in which His Majesty travels to each Metropolitan and Provincial Campus to confer honour on each individual recipient, as well as holds himself ready to meet with the students on all appropriate informal occasions. Through sheer concentration and a will to understand, His Majesty has managed to win considerable trust and affection of the country's student communities who have come to value greatly the advices and guidance of His Majesty in all affairs including such important items as their basic attitudes to life, work and study.
His Majesty, besides. never ceases to extol the virtues of the country's other pillar of existence and that is the Buddhist Religion. He caters to the full to all the Buddhist traditions of Thailand including giving up his regal duties and becoming a Buddhist monk for a while in order to meditate and make merits. His Addresses and advices often quote the Buddhist Scripture and Principles as the bases of all his thoughts and actions. The Constitution also appoints him as the Defender of all other Faiths in Thailand and he on his part carries out this latter duty to the full and in a spirit of complete tolerance. On appropriate occasions, he gives bounties to Buddhist and institutions of other religions alike and he pays equal attention to problems of other religious groups.
His Majesty the King enjoys sailing and has built his own boats in the workshop of Chitralada Villa, Dusit Palace.
His Majesty composing a song at the piano in Lausanne, Switzerland. Altogether His Majesty has composed a total of 73 songs.
His Majesty is also Patron of the Arts and Sports and again he is not so simply nominally. His talent in music and especially in the composition of jazz and the so-called popular music is celebrated beyond the boundaries of his own country. Whenever he has spare time from his arduous duties, he finds satisfaction and relaxation also in painting and photography as well as in various sports with particular emphasis on yachting.
His Majesty has devoted over forty-three years of service for the benefits and happiness of his people. The success of His Majesty's reign is clear for all to see. People in all spheres of life from the highest officials to the peasants in the border areas seek and value the advices of His Majesty in their daily conducts as well as when they are faced with ditficult problems. They all know, besides. that His Majesty's advices will always be given with true willingness after careful study of the circumstances and out of a dedicated sense of devotion to their secure and happy existence. The relationship between King and people is thus firmly built upon the bases of mutual trust, interest and affection. The words in the Constitution that the King is the Repository of the Sacred Trust of the Thai People and the Supreme Symbol of the Nation's Unity are thus given their true and material meaning. To most people. the task which His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej has set himself to accomplish to give a new significance to the Thai Throne under a Constitutional system must seem to be nearing a very successful end, he, however. in his total dedication and involvement in the task, can never see an end. Every day instead brings new challenges and becomes but another step in the ever widening and ever lengthening path of his dutiful Life
From the Book of Special Photo Exhibition of Thai and Japanese Royal Families, Presented by:
Office of the National Culture CommissionDepartment of Fine ArtsBangkok Metropolitan AdministrationThai-Japanese AssociationOld Japan Students AssociationThe Embassy of JapanThe Japan FoundationJapanese AssociationJapanese Chamber of Commerce
Thanks to LCDR.Wuttipong Pongsuwan for all resources / by Nikorn Limcharoen CS, AIT, Thailand / mailto: nikorn@cs4.cs.ait.ac.th / Nikorn's home page

HISTORY TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN.

NATIONALPERSONALITIES


Warriors
Founders
Personalities in Islam
Personalities in Politics
Personalities in Education
Woman Personalities

Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj







Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Alhaj was born in Alor Star, Kedah, on 8 February 1903, the seventh son of the Ruler of Kedah, Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah. His mother was Che Manjalara.





After receiving his early education in a Malay and English School in Alor Star, Tunku was sent to a Siamese school in Bangkok. In 1920, a State scholarship took him to England for higher education. He entered St. Catherine?s College, Cambridge, and read history and law. He graduated in 1925 with a B.A. Degree. He then joined the Inner Temple, in London, but his studies were interrupted.


In 1931, he returned to Kedah, and joined the Kedah State Civil Service. He served as District Officer in Kuala Nerang, then Langkawi, Sungai Patani, and finally in Kulim.


In 1948, Tunku Abdul Rahman became Chairman of UMNO Kedah. He returned to London to complete his law studies and was called to the Bar of the Inner Temple. On his return to Malaya in 1949 he was appointed as a Deputy Public Prosecutor. In 1951, he succeeded Dato Sir Onn bin Ja?afar as President of the United Malays National Organisation. On 27th July 1955, the Federation?s first elections to the Federal Legislative Council were held. The Alliance swept through the polls, winning 51 out of 52 seats. In the new Government Tunku Abdul Rahman became Chief Minister.


On 31 December 1955, Tunku Abdul Rahman headed a delegation from the Alliance, to London for talks with the British Government on the future constitution of the Federation. On 31th August 1957, Malaya became independent and Tunku Abdul Rahman became her first Prime Minister. On 21th August 1959, Tunku Abdul Rahman became Prime Minister for the second time. On 6th June 1960, Cambridge University conferred on Tunku Abdul Rahman an honorary Doctorate of Laws. Tunku also had been honoured with the same degree by the University of Malaya; the University of Sydney; Areneta University in the Philippines; University of Saigon in 1961; Aligarh Muslim University in India in 1962 and Seoul National University of Korea in 1965.


In 1961, the Association of South-East Asia Nations (ASEAN) was formed during his tenure as Prime Minister. Tunku visited London in November for talks with the British Government which resulted in an agreement to go ahead with the Malaysia concept and to appoint a special commission to enquire into public opinion in Sabah and Sarawak.


In 1962, Tunku was named as the first Chancellor of the newly formed University of Malaya. Tunku visited London in July for further discussions on Malaysia which resulted in the decision to establish the new nation on or before 31th August 1963.


A keen sportsman, Tunku had been a football fan all his life. He was President of the Football Association of Malaya, President of the Asian Football Confederation, and President of the Asian Badminton Confederation. His other personal interests include golf, sailing and photography. In addition, he was the owner of a remarkable collection of Malay weapons, especially the kris.


Tunku passed away at the age of 87. He was laid to rest at the Royal Mousoleum, Langgar, Kedah on 7 December 1990.

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THAILAND : Thailand National AnthemThai National AnthemNational Anthem of Thailand
Author: Luang Saranuprapan (1896-1954)
Composer: Phra Chen-Duriyang (1883-1968)
Adopted: 1939
National Day: December 05 (1927) - Birthday of HM King Bhumibol (King Rama IX)Formerly Siam
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Further details: In 1934, the Government appointed a committee to select music written and arranged by talented Thai composers. Finally the music (composed in 1932) by PHRA CHEN-DURIYANG (1883-1968) won the competition. There was also a competition for the words of the National Anthem - two written by Khun Vichitmatra and Nai Chant Khamvilai respectively were selected and the official announcement of the new National Anthem was made on August 20 1934. In 1935 the National Anthem was modified to another form.On February 5 1935 the regulations of performing the National Anthem and also the Siamese Royal Anthem of 1871 were introduced.In 1939 the name of the country was changed from Siam to Thailand, so once again the National Anthem had to be changed to make it compatible with the country's new name. Writers were invited to send their creative works in for the competition. This was a significant event as there were many more competitors taking part and it was left to the Cabinet to make the final judgement. LUANG SARANUPRAPAN (1896-1954) won the first prize.On December 10 1939, the new National Anthem was officially introduced to the public.
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SALASILAH RAJA SIAM PADA MASA DAHULU.

อาณาจักรสุโขทัยKingdom of Sukhothai
←
1238–1583
Capital
Ayutthaya
Language(s)
Thai
Religion
Theravada Buddhism,Roman Catholicism,Islam
Government
Monarchy
King
- 1351-1369
Ramathibodi I
- 1590-1605
Naresuan
- 1656-1688
Narai
- 1758-1767
Boromaracha
→
Capital
Sukhothai (1238 - 1419)Phitsanulok (1419 - 1583)
Language(s)
Thai
Religion
Theravada Buddhism
Government
Monarchy
King
- 1249- 1257
Sri Indraditya
- 1279 - 1299
Ramkhamhaeng the Great
- 1468 - 1488
Trailokanat
- 1534 - 1569
Maha Thammarachathirat
- 1569 - 1583
Naresuan
Historical era
Middle Ages
- Liberation from Lavo kingdom
1238
- Expansions under Ramkhamhaeng
1279 - 1299
- Became Ayutthayan tributary
1378
- Personal union with Ayutthaya kingdom
1468
- Annexation by Naresuan
1583

SALASILAH RAJA SIAM PADA MASA DAHULU.

อาณาจักรสุโขทัยKingdom of Sukhothai
←
1238–1583
Capital
Ayutthaya
Language(s)
Thai
Religion
Theravada Buddhism,Roman Catholicism,Islam
Government
Monarchy
King
- 1351-1369
Ramathibodi I
- 1590-1605
Naresuan
- 1656-1688
Narai
- 1758-1767
Boromaracha
→
Capital
Sukhothai (1238 - 1419)Phitsanulok (1419 - 1583)
Language(s)
Thai
Religion
Theravada Buddhism
Government
Monarchy
King
- 1249- 1257
Sri Indraditya
- 1279 - 1299
Ramkhamhaeng the Great
- 1468 - 1488
Trailokanat
- 1534 - 1569
Maha Thammarachathirat
- 1569 - 1583
Naresuan
Historical era
Middle Ages
- Liberation from Lavo kingdom
1238
- Expansions under Ramkhamhaeng
1279 - 1299
- Became Ayutthayan tributary
1378
- Personal union with Ayutthaya kingdom
1468
- Annexation by Naresuan
1583

SALASILAH RAJA SIAM/THAILAND.

First Reign
Prince Maha Sura Singhanatสมเด็จพระบวรราชเจ้ามหาสุรสิงหนาท
1782
1802
First Reign
Buddha Yodfa Chulalok the Great (Rama I)พระบาทสมเด็จพระพุทธยอดฟ้าจุฬาโลกมหาราช
6 April 1782
7 September 1809
Second Reign
Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (Rama II)พระบาทสมเด็จพระพุทธเลิศหล้านภาลัย
7 September 1809
21 July 1824
Third Reign
Jessadabodindra (Rama III)พระบาทสมเด็จพระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว
21 July 1824
2 April 1851
Fourth Reign
Mongkut (Rama IV)พระบาทสมเด็จพระจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว
3 April 1851
1 October 1868
Fifth Reign
Chulalongkorn the Great (Rama V)พระบาทสมเด็จพระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว "พระปิยมหาราช"
2 October 1868
23 October 1910
Sixth Reign
Vajiravudh (Rama VI)พระบาทสมเด็จพระมงกุฎเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว
23 October 1910
26 November 1925
Seventh Reign
Prajadhipok (Rama VII)พระบาทสมเด็จพระปกเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว
26 November 1925
2 March 1935
Eight Reign
Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII)พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหาอานันทมหิดล พระอัฐมรามาธิบดินทร
2 March 1935
9 June 1946
Ninth Reign
Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great (Rama IX)พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาภูมิพลอดุลยเดช
9 June 1946
Present
First Reign
Prince Isarasundhorn (Rama II)
1806
1809
Second Reign
Prince Maha Senanurakสมเด็จพระบวรราชเจ้ามหาเสนานุรักษ์
1809
1817
Third Reign
Prince Maha Sakdi Polsepสมเด็จพระบวรราชเจ้ามหาศักดิ์พลเสพ
1824
1832
Fourth Reign
King Pinklaoพระบาทสมเด็จพระปิ่นเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว
1851
1866
Fifth Reign
Prince Bovorn Vichaichanกรมพระราชวังบวรวิไชยชาญ
1868
1885

SENARAI NAMA-NAMA PERDANA MENTERI THAILAND

Thawal Thamrong Navaswadhi Khuang Abhaiwongse Plaek Pibulsonggram Thanom KittikachornS arit Thanarat Sanya DharmasaktiM.R. Seni PramojM.R. Kukrit PramojTanin Kraivixien Kriangsak Chomanan Prem Tinsulanonda Chatichai Choonhavan Anand Panyarachun Suchinda Kraprayoon Chuan Leekpai Banharn Silpa-archa Chavalit YongchaiyudhThaksin ShinawatraSurayud Chulanont Samak Sundaravej Somchai Wongsawat Abhisit Vejjajiva

LAGU MAHARAJA THAILAND.

ข้าวรพุทธเจ้า
Kha Wora Phutthachao
เอามโนและศิรกราน
Ao Mano Lae Sira Kran
นบพระภูมิบาล บุญญะดิเรก
Nop Phra Phummiban Bunyadirek
เอกบรมจักริน
Ek Boromma Chakkrin
พระสยามินทร์
Phra Sayamin
พระยศยิ่งยง
Phra Yotsa Ying Yong
เย็นศิระเพราะพระบริบาล
Yen Sira Phro Phra Boriban
ผลพระคุณ ธ รักษา
Phon Phrakhun Tha Raksa
ปวงประชาเป็นศุขสานต์
Puang Pracha Pen Suk San
ขอบันดาล
Kho Bandan
ธ ประสงค์ใด
Tha Prasong Dai
จงสฤษดิ์
Chong Sarit
ดังหวังวรหฤทัย
Dang Wang Wora Haruethai
ดุจจะถวายชัย ชโย!
Dutcha Thawai Chai Cha-yo

LAGU KEBANGSAAN THAILAND.

ประเทศไทยรวมเลือดเนื้อชาติเชื้อไทย
prà-thêt thai ruam lûeat-núea chât chúea thai,
เป็นประชารัฐ ไผทของไทยทุกส่วน
pen prà-cha rát, phà-thai khŏng thai thúk sùan,
อยู่ดำรงคงไว้ได้ทั้งมวล
yù dam-rong khong wái dâi tháng muan,
ด้วยไทยล้วนหมาย รักสามัคคี
dûay thai lúan măi, rák să-mák-khi,
ไทยนี้รักสงบ แต่ถึงรบไม่ขลาด
thai ní rák sà-ngòp, tàe thŭeng róp mâi-khlàt,
เอกราชจะไม่ให้ใครข่มขี่
èk-kà-rât chà mâi hâi khrai khòm khì,
สละเลือดทุกหยาดเป็นชาติพลี
sà-là lûeat thúk yàt pen chât phli,
เถลิงประเทศชาติไทยทวี มีชัย ชโย
thà-loeng prà-thêt chât thai thá-wi mi chai chá-yo.

MASYARAKAT CINA DAN INDIA HARUS MENGHORMATI ADAT MELAYU

Saya sebagai rakyat yang berketurunan siam malaysia memberi pendapat saya kepada masyarakat cina dan india supaya mengikut adat-adat melayu di sini.Kita sebagai rakyat malaysia kena menghormati kepada raja dan pemimpin kita,dan juga menghormati hak-hak asasi orang melayu.

KESILAPAN DARI SEGI BAHASA PERTUTURAN DI BLOG INI.

ASSALAMUALAIKUM,SELAMAT SEJAHTERA,SAWATDIKAP DAN SALAM SATU MALAYSIA.

Saya sebagai pengarang di dalam blog ini saya minta maaf kepada anda semua sekiranya ada bahasa terkasar serta tersinggung perasaan saya minta maaf kepada anda semua yang melayari laman blog saya.Saya juga minta ampun dan maaf sekiranya ada kesilapan bahasa di dalam blog ini.

TERIMA KASIH KEPADA SEMUA RAKYAT NEGERI SABAH DAN SARAWAK MELAYARI BLOG SELAMAT DATANG KE CINRAI.

Saya sebagai rakyat negeri kedah mengucapkan ribuan terima kasih kepada rakyat negeri sabah dan sarawak melayari blog saya ini.Saya mengambil kesempatan mengucapkan ribuan terima kasih kepada semua rakyat negeri sabah dan sarawak melayari blog saya cinrai.Saya berharap kepada semua penduduk negeri sabah dan sarawak sampaikan kepada semua peminat setia blog saya ini. Saya berharap kepada semua rakyat negeri sabah dan sarawak sampaikan maklumat ini kepada semua rakyat negeri sabah dan sarawak yang minat parabola.SEKIAN TERIMA KASIH,SALAM SATU MALAYSIA.

CARA MEMASANG ANTENNA PARABOLA YANG BETUL

12
Jan
08
Cara Memasang Antena Parabola?
Oleh devry 22 Komentar
Kategori: Umum Tags: Antena, LNBF, Parabola, Sinyal, Triks, Umum

Bagaimana cara memasang antena parabola dengan cara yang baik dan benar? Agar frekuensi sinyal yang kita dapatkan untuk menonton siaran TV atau sebagai peralatan interface internet dengan menggunakan antena parabola baik? Berikut langkah-langkah yang perlu diperhatikan pada saat pemasangan antena parabola tersebut :
1. Posisi Parabola :Letakkan parabola di bidang ( tempat terbuka ) tidak ada halangan ke langit bebas ( bebas dari rintangan seperti : pepohonan, gedung, dll ) serta datar. Untuk menentukan kedatarannya, bisa dengan cara menuang air ke baskom. Bila air penuh tepat lurus di bibir baskom berarti bidang cukup datar terhadap bumi. Bila posisinya miring, gunakan papan yang diganjal untuk mendapatkan bidang yang datar.
2. Penentuan Posisi Parabola :Buatlah garis vertikal dan horizontal pada parabola untuk membantu penentuan posisinya. Titik temu garis ini harus berada tepat di dasar parabola ( gunakan gundu, tempat di mana gundu diam itulah titik dasar parabola ). Setelah digaris, berikan penanda empat arah mata angin seperti gambar berikut:
Arahkan piringan parabola ke arah mata angin menggunakan kompas yang diletakkan di dasar parabola ( yaitu titik pertemuan garis vertikal dan garis horizontal tersebut). Atur agar keempat arah mata angin itu sesuai dengan yang ditunjukkan di kompas.
3. Pemasangan LNBF :Pasanglah LNBF pada bracket yang disediakan LNBF pada parabola. Untuk menentukan tinggi bracket yang tepat, bisa dengan cara menggunakan rumus berikut :
4. Pengaturan Sinyal :Jika antena parabola sudah terpasang ( termasuk kabel-kabel konektornya ), kemudian aturlah agar sinyal diterima sebesar mungkin dengan mengkoreksi dudukan ( posisi ) piringan parabola. Kekuatan sinyal yang diperlukan >= 60% dan kualitas >= 70% dengan indikator warna hijau pada receiver yang artinya sudah cukup stabil menerima sinyal. Pada STB, gambar akan tampak baik bila sinyal ada di atas 60%, kualitas di atas 70% dan bar persentase menunjukkan warna hijau ( bisa berbeda di tiap STB ).
Untuk lebih jelasnya trik dan tips memsang antena parabola ini, bisa referensi ke situs ini dan search dengan Google aja dech. Semoga bermanfaat!
22 Tanggapan ke “Cara Memasang Antena Parabola?”
Pengumpan untuk Entri ini Alamat Jejakbalik
1 ..::ELWAFA::.. 7 Maret 2008 pukul 7:30 am
gw bru nich, gw pake rcvr tanaka 1lnb, dish 6 ft, total semua ada 280 channel, tpi kenapa pada satelit palapa c2 RCTI, METRO, GLOBAL, SPACETOON, BALITV tidak bisa? mohon penjelasan. kirim ke wafaelnitria@gmail.com
Balas
2 Adiet 28 April 2008 pukul 7:47 am
Bro.Gambar yang ada rumus tulisannya terlalu kecil.Tidak jelas di lihat di opmin handphone.
Balas
3 C- 13 Juli 2008 pukul 6:23 pm
Bos wat pnjlsane kurang jls,so aq ne pemula u pmasangan parabola tlng dong di tampilin yang lebih detail.
Balas
4 Katroque 16 Agustus 2008 pukul 10:13 pm
Harga parabola paling murah berapa? Ada yg 1jt an gk? Gw pngn yg bsa dngrin radio luar negeri jga.
Balas
5 NDY 21 Agustus 2008 pukul 12:56 am
Mohon bantuan, kalau kena gelombang micro bagaimana cara atasinya?
Balas
6 sugik 8 September 2008 pukul 12:09 am
aku pemula pasang parabola gimana untuk memudahkan /mencari sinyal yang baik terutama palap
Balas
7 devry 8 September 2008 pukul 4:48 pm
@sugik
Coba kalau mau referensi bisa lihat situs yang ini, dech!
Balas
8 ethan6990 11 September 2008 pukul 3:56 pm
wuiiiiiiiiii……….
Balas
9 agung 19 Desember 2008 pukul 12:42 pm
bisa nggak ya kalo parabola kita buat nangkap signal internetsupaya bisa internetan gratis atuh….http://hidup-bijak.blogspot.com/
Balas
10 Abror men 26 Januari 2009 pukul 6:03 pm
Kenapa parabola ku kok ndak bisa muncul gambarnya ya
Balas
11 budi 25 Februari 2009 pukul 12:51 pm
wah bermanfaat.. salam kenal
Balas
12 rio 6 Maret 2009 pukul 12:56 am
untuk bs menangkap satelit nss5 di 177 derajat w dan 74 derajat e gimana padahal parabola kita dah mentok, apa bs dg mengganti rotator yg lebih panjang bs mengatasi persoalan yg saya tanyakan? bls lwt email saya Di jam4949@yahoo.com
Balas
13 harry 23 Maret 2009 pukul 5:33 pm
mas mo nanya neh ! kuk chanel tv dirumh di satelit palapa c2 hilang!
Balas
14 emank 23 Maret 2009 pukul 5:35 pm
sy punya permasalahan yg sama dengan harry tuh! dijawab dunk di emeilq pasole_02@yahoo.com
Balas
15 george kp 28 Maret 2009 pukul 10:56 pm
saya sdh coba masang anten parabola sesuai petunjuk dlm situs tapi kok g bisa nangkap gbr n suara di samping sinyal yang di terima hanya 0 s/d 20 serta hilang2 nanya kira2 apa yang slh pd anten saya
Balas
16 HAMID 11 April 2009 pukul 9:06 am
WAH ASIK COY NAMBAH PENGALAMAN, TAPI BISA ENGGA BUAT PARABOLA YANG KECIL TAPI JANGKAUANNYA LUAS…?
Balas
17 sony 20 April 2009 pukul 10:42 pm
bgmn supaya kwalitas gmr optimal?
Balas
18 Novri Merentek 2 Juli 2009 pukul 3:14 pm
Saya sudah berusaha untuk mencari Sat. TELKOM tapi ndak juga dapat. Untuk Sat. PALAPA 113 derajat, untuk TELKOM 108 jadi selisih 5 derajat Bujur Timur. Pertanyaannya : untuk Sat. Telkom 108 derajat berdekatan dgn PALAPA selisih 5 derajat tapi agak kekiri atau kekanan?
Balas
19 dodot 3 Juli 2009 pukul 10:29 pm
gabung dong ..
Balas
20 rendy 13 Agustus 2009 pukul 10:32 am
walah..walah..aku ra donk..katanya selain setting antena yang bener, kita jg kudu mrogram itu tv biar jelaassssssssss..
Balas
21 ipoel 29 September 2009 pukul 10:10 am
wah bagus juga tuch.. jadi inget waktu jadi asisten teknisi pemasangan parabola. bsa tuh nangkep siaran dunia 200an chanel dari 12 satelit dng parabola gerak.
Balas
22 siti nurul sharina bt mat yaacob 4 November 2009 pukul 8:38 am
pd pendapat saya, antena jgak leh dipasang mengikut arah pemasangan yang sama diantara rumah2 jiran untuk mendapatkan channel televisyen….tol ngak????saya masih belajar…ngak salahkan kalau bertanye?…huhuhuhuhuhhu
Balas
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M 5.6, Pacific-Antarctic Ridge
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M 5.1, Cook Strait, New Zealand
M 5.9, Malawi
M 5.0, southern Sumatra, Indonesia
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