King Mongkut (King Rama IV) of the Chakri Dynasty was the son of Pra Bhuddha Loetlar Naphalai (King Rama II) and Somdej Pra Srisuriyentramart. His Majesty King Rama IV was born on October 18, 1804. When His Majesty was young, He studied ancient Thai language and Royal Customs and Traditions. After shaving His tonsure, he became a novice in Buddhism. At the age of 21, He entered monkhood and remained a Buddhist monk for 27 years. While being a monk, He had studied Buddhism attentively, both in practice and in theory, some foreign languages, science, political science, western cultures and the world situation in the colonialism era. Moreover, He had been travelling all over the country to visit various ancient temples in many cities and had simultaneously learned more about the Thai people as well as the country. Once he mounted the throne as king, what he had learned and experienced became very expert in ruling the country in the unfavourable world situation at that time.
King Mongkut became king after his elder brother King Nang Klao (King Rama III). The coronation ceremony was held on May 15, 1851 and He was on the throne for 18 years before he passed away on October 1, 1868 at 64 years of age.
Thanks to his recognized talent in science, he was named "Father of the Thai Science". And in commemoration of his kind support and promotion of science which has extensively contributed to the country's progress and prosperity until today, the Thai government has announced August 18 of every year "The National Science
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