MENTERI-MENTERI HARUS MENJALANKAN KEWAJIPAN TANGGUNGJAWAB TERHADAP NASIB RAKYAT MALAYSIA.

Saya sebagai rakyat malaysia ingin memperingatkan kepada semua jemaah menteri jangan lupa kepada rakyat kerana rakyat mengundi serta membayar hasil cukai kepada kerajaan malaysia seharusnya menteri mengambil berat terhadap masalah rakyat jangan ibaratkan kacang lupakan kulit,Saya sebagai rakyat hanya memberi peringatan kepada menteri-menteri kabinet jangan lupa kepada rakyat,sepatutnya menteri mahu mengambil berat kepada rakyat jangan abaikan,sekiranya menteri tidak mahu mengambil berat bagaimana rakyat hendak mengundi kerana sikap menteri tidak mengambil berat terhadap rakyat.Sebagai menteri harus menunjukkan sikap keperihatinan kepada rakyatnya.Sebagai menteri mesti mengambil berat mengenai masalah tanah,kewangan,banjir,tanah runtuh,pendidikan dan sebagainya.Saya sebagai rakyat malaysia berharap agar menteri mengambil berat mengenai masalah rakyat satu malaysia.Menteri-menteri harus mengambil berat nasib rakyat malaysia serta memberi bantuan,pertolongan dan membela nasib rakyat malaysia.

PELATIH PROGRAM LATIHAN KHIDMAT NEGARA PERLU DI ASINGKAN ANTARA PELATIH LELAKI DAN PELATIH PEREMPUAN.

Saya bercadangkan supaya pihak PLKN perlu di asingkan antara pelatih-pelatih lelaki dan perempuan,bagi mengelakkan perkara yang tidak dingini berlaku ke atas pelatih perempuan.Saya sebagai rakyat malaysia untuk membincangkan supaya permohonan saya dapat di terima oleh pihak kementerian pertahanan malaysia.Saya juga berharap agar pihak PLKN dapat menerima cadangan dari rakyat malaysia.

REMAJA MASA KINI HARUS MENGHORMATI ADAT RESAM DAN AGAMA ISLAM.

Saya sebagai rakyat ingin memperbincangkan mengenai masalah anak-anak muda masa kini dari segi kelakuan remaja masa kini terutamanya remaja melayu,kebanyakkan remaja masa kini tidak menghormati,kurang sopan,adat resam dan tidak menghormati agama islam,baru-baru ini di selangor antara lelaki dan perempuan bercumbu-cumbuan di tempat yang gelap kawasan masjid,kita sebagai orang islam harus menjaga tatasusila dan berdispilin harus memeliahara adat resam dan agama islam.Sebagai umat islam harus mengikuti undang-undang Allah S.W.T dan takut kepada Allah.Remaja masa kini tidak takut kepada hukum-hakam Allah dan ikut sesuka hati,melakukan maksiat dengan secara haram dan pembuangan bayi secara yang terbuka.Kita sebagai masyarakat melayu patuh dan taat ajaran islam serta mengikut perintah Allah.Remaja perlu insaf dan takut kepada Allah tidak melakukan perbuatan yang tidak di sukai oleh Allah.Ingatlah Allah Maha Esa dan Maha Pengampun.

ADAKAN SIARAN TAYANGAN GAMBAR ASIAN DI TV MALAYSIA.

Saya sebagai rakyat malaysia ingin mempersoalkan kenapa negara malaysia tidak di tayang di dalam tv mengenai cerita-cerita yang menarik di dalam tv?.Bagi saya jika boleh adakan rancangan yang lebih menarik tidak kira sama ada rancangan di dalam negara atau asia tenggara,Sepatutnya pihak tv swasta mengadakan rancangan yang memberi satu kebaikan kepada masyarakat mengenai orang yang susah,serta memberi pengajaran kepada kita semua ini tidak semua filem barat tidak kira sama ada gambar bagus atau tidak ikut kehendak syarikat tv sahaja di tayang,Kita sebagai negara anggota asian mengadakan pengambaran filem yang terbaik untuk semua masyarakat satu malaysia tidak kira bangsa,agama serta budaya untuk melihat persembahan yang terbaik dari filem asia tenggara.Saya berharap agar pihak rancangan tv memberi satu gambaran yang terbaik untuk penonton semua di malaysia.

ADAKAN PELAJARAN BAHASA JAWI DI MALAYSIA.

Saya sebagai rakyat malaysia ingin meluahkan pendapat saya kepada pihak yang berwajib supaya adakan bahasa jawi di malaysia,di sebabkan pada era tahun 1940 ada menggunakan bahasa jawi di dalam bahasa surat atau bahasa penghantaraan iaitu bahasa jawi sebelum negara malaysia merdeka lagi masih menggunakan bahasa jawi sejak zaman kesultanan melayu lagi dan masih menggunakan bahasa jawi.Sepatutnya pihak kementerian pendidikan malaysia mengadakan bahasa jawi sejak dari dulu lagi,tapi sekarang baru hendak mula dan hendak hidupkan bahasa jawi ke manakah martabat bahasa jawi kita?.Bagi saya sepatutnya bahasa jawi masih di gunakan dari bangku sekolah lagi.Buat masa sekarang kebanyakkan anak-anak muda yang masih belum tahu dan mengenal huruf dan ejaan dalam bahasa jawi.Saya berharap supaya pihak kementerian pendidikan dapat menghidupkan bahasa jawi di negara kita seperti zaman tahun 1700 masihi,Saya juga berharap supaya adakan bahasa jawi di malaysia untuk generasi anak-anak muda yang akan datang serta boleh membaca bahasa jawi demi masa depan anak-anak dan cucu kita.Saya sebagai rakyat malaysia berasa hairan kenapa pihak kementerian pendidikan tidak mahu menggunakan bahasa jawi di malaysia.Sepatutnya pihak berwajib tidak boleh membuat seperti ini kerana bahasa jawi ini adalah asal dari Al-Quran Karim,Saya sebagai rakyat memang berminat dalam bahasa jawi di sebabkan pada zaman persekolahan saya tidak mempunyai pelajaran bahasa jawi di sekolah tidak kira sama ada sekolah rendah atau menengah.Ini semua adalah angkara kerajaan malaysia tidak memikirkan masa depan orang melayu untuk memberi kemudahan belajar bahasa jawi di malaysia.Bagi pandangan saya bahasa jawi ini memang sudah wujud sejak kedatangan islam di asia tenggara,Sepatutnya pihak yang berwajib mahu mengambil perkara yang penting bagi semua orang melayu,Kita sebagai orang islam mahu tegak syiar islam bukannya bahasa barat.Sepatutnya kerajaan harus berfikir rasional adakah mahu masyarakat melayu menjadi hamba barat seperti zaman moyang kita di tindas oleh kuasa-kuasa barat contoh jepun.komunis dan inggeris?.Walaupun negara kita sudah merdeka dan bebas dari cengkaman kuasa barat pada abad yang lalu kita mesti ingatan dalam fikiran kita,Kita sebagai orang melayu haruslah memperjuangkan bahasa ibunda serta bahasa jawi jangan mengabaikan bahasa ibunda kita,kita harus mencintai bahasa kita.Bahasa jawi ini memang sangat penting kerana dari segi sudut bacaan tidak sama dengan bacaan rumi,seperti contoh di Indonesia mereka sebut Alah tidak sama sebutan Allah.Bahasa Jawi memang sangat penting bagi bacaan al-quran.Di Brunei mereka masih menggunakan bahasa jawi,Thailand sama masih menggunakan bahasa jawi kecuali negara kita sahaja masih tidak menggunakan bahasa jawi.Bagi saya sepatutnya pihak mengambil perhatian jangan memandang ringan.Bahasa jawi ini sudah wujud sejak kesultanan melayu melaka lagi menggunakan bahasa jawi.Di kedah semua bahasa jawi seperti contoh geran tanah menggunakan jawi,surat-surat kebanyakan di tujukan dalam bahasa jawi.

PENGHARAMAN ROKOK DI MALAYSIA.

Saya sebagai rakyat membantah penjualan rokok di malaysia kerana rokok boleh membawa maut serta kesihatan kita tidak sihat.Saya hairan kenapa kerajaan malaysia galakan kepada rakyat untuk membeli rokok sepatutnya kerajaan mengharamkan penjualan rokok di malaysia,ini tidak memberi satu tarikan dan galakan kepada rakyat membeli rokok.Sebagai contoh mercun boleh di haramkan kenapa rokok tidak boleh di haramkan,di sebabkan kerajaan malaysia mahu keuntungan besar dari hasil pengutipan cukai,Sama ada rakyat hendak mati atau tidak itu terpulang kepada masing-masing asalkan mendapat hasil keuntungan,itu sahaja kerajaan tahu!.Sepatutnya kerajaan malaysia mahu haramkan rokok sejak dari dulu lagi.Saya berharap agar kerajaan dapat mengharamkan penjualan rokok di malaysia.Bagi saya sepatutnya rokok di haramkan di malaysia sejak dari dulu lagi.Kebanyakan anak-anak muda sekarang berani menghisap rokok di hadapan kedua orang tua tidak menghiraukan

JABATAN AGAMA ISLAM PERLU MEMPERTINGKATKAN LAGI KAWALAN PEMERIKSAAN KE ATAS KUMPULAN AJARAN SESAT YANG MENYELEWENGKAN AKIDAH UMAT ISLAM.

Saya sebagai umat islam memberi satu pandangan saya kepada Jabatan Agama Islam Malaysia supaya mempertingkatkan lagi kawalan tahap pemeriksaan kumpulan ajaran sesat yang menyelewengkan akidah umat islam dan semakin menjadi-jadi di malaysia ada mengakui sebagai rasul,tuhan dan sebagainya.Saya sebagai umat islam meminta kepada pihak jabatan agama islam supaya mempertingkatkan lagi kawalan pemeriksaan kumpulan ajaran sesat dan lain-lain lagi,Supaya masyarakat di kalangan antara kita tidak mudah terjerebak dengan dakyah-dakyah kumpulan ajaran sesat.

SEBAGAI ARTIS MENONJOLKAN TAULADAN YANG BAIK KEPADA MASYARAKAT.

Saya sebagai rakyat malaysia memberi nasihat kepada artis janganlah merampas hak suami orang,bayangkan kita di ambil oleh suami sendiri bagaimana perasaan kita?.Tidak sepatutnya artis membuat perkara seperti ini.Jagailah nama baik dan maruah artis,Sepatutnya artis menonjolkan tauladan yang baik kepada masyarakat di malaysia,seperti contoh abby abadi pelakon gerak khas antara norman hakim dengan memey tidak sepatutnya memey menyakiti rumah tangga mereka berdua,maknanya artis sekarang tidak tahu hukum-hakam islam sama ada dosa atau tidak,tidak mengambil peduli asalkan ambil suami orang dan boleh berkahwin itu terpulanglah sama ada susah atau senang sebab itulah artis sekarang lebih teruk perangai seperti orang kafir quraisy dan ibaratkan jahil tidak mengambil berat tentang mengenai agama islam.

MEMPERKETATKAN LAGI UNDANG-UNDANG KEMALANGAN JALAN RAYA.

Saya sebagai rakyat malaysia berasa simpati terhadap keluarga mangsa kemalangan jalan raya yang semakin meningkat di negara malaysia,di sebabkan kecuaian pemandu yang lalai serta tidak mengambil berat serta penting diri-sendiri tidak memikir keselamatan pemandu yang lain.Justeru itu saya berharap supaya pihak berkuasa mengambil perkara yang serious tidak boleh mengambil jalan yang mudah,Sepatutnya pihak berkuasa harus memikir keselamatan pengguna jalan raya yang lain tidak sewenang-wenangnya terlepas dari melakukan kesilapan harus hukuman yang setimpal terhadapnya,Jika sabitkan kesalahan hukuman tembak seperti negara-negara yang lain.

MEMBERI SOKONGAN DAN PENDAPAT.

Assalamualaikum,Salam Sejahtera,Sawatdikap Dan Salam Satu Malaysia.
Saya sebagai rakyat malaysia ingin menerima pendapat atau pandangan anda kepada saya dan sokongan anda kepada saya,Jika boleh saya mahu anda memberi komen atau di mana-mana sahaja.Saya mengucapkan ribuan terima kasih kepada anda semua yang melayari laman blogspot saya selamat datang ke blog cinrai.Terima Kasih kepada anda semua yang sudi melayari blog saya serta rakyat satu malaysia,Jika boleh anda berikan nama anda melalui blog ini supaya saya boleh tahu siapa yang menghantar komen ini.Sebab di dalam blog ini saya berikan nama sebenar bukannya nama samaran.

MISKIN DAN KAYA ANUGERAH ALLAH SWT.

Kita sebagai umat islam haruslah bersyukur kepada Allah S.W.T kerana di beri rezeki serta pangkat yang halal,Sebagai umat islam haruslah menolong kepada orang miskin atau orang yang kurang upaya janganlah menghina dan sombong memberi pertolongan kepadanya sekiranya memerlukan bantuan.Agama islam mengajar kita berbuat baik serta menghormati kepada kedua ibu-bapa,guru dan masyarakat.Kita tidak boleh sombong dan menghina kepada orang miskin kerana ia adalah anugerah tuhan kepada hambanya.Tapi sekarang orang kaya telah pun berlagak sombong dan riak sekiranya orang miskin tidak boleh masuk dalam sesuatu majlis perkahwinan atau sebagainya.Bagi saya semuanya sama tidak kira sama ada kaya atau miskin ia adalah sama dan di beri oleh Allah S.W.T.Pada pendapat saya semua anugerah tuhan yang di berikan kepada kita dari segi pangkat dan darjat itu atas diri-sendiri.Kita sebagai hamba sepatutnya bersyukur kepada Allah S.W.T,tidak lebih dari pada itu semuanya adalah kuasa yang maha esa.

JAGALAH HARTA BENDA AWAM.

Saya sebagai rakyat yang prihatin memberi pandangan saya kepada semua rakyat satu malaysia supaya menjaga harta benda awam seperti pondok telefon,tandas awam dan lain-lain lagi.Saya berasa sayang seperti pondok telefon di beri kemudahan oleh pihak telekom tapi telefon tidak boleh di gunakan dan tidak boleh berfungsi lagi kerana gagang telefon hilang,wayar telefon hilang dan rosak,kita sebagai manusia haruslah berfikir kerana di beri akal oleh Allah kepada kita supaya berfikir dengan akal yang sempurna serta boleh berfikir yang mana baik dan buruk.Sepatutnya kita sebagai manusia boleh berfikir,Saya berasa bersimpati kepada pengguna yang mengunakan pondok telefon sekiranya ada kecemasan seperti bersalin dan kebakaran jadi bagaimana hendak di hubungi?.Jagailah harta benda awam seperti harta benda kita sendiri.

JAGA NILAI-NILAI MURNI PERPADUAN KAUM DI MALAYSIA.

Saya sebagai rakyat ingin memberi nasihat kepada semua masyarakat satu malaysia supaya dapat memperkukuhkan dan memupukkan lagi hubungan silaturrahim antara satu sama lain.Biarlah kita duduk dengan aman tanpa bergaduh,membunuh dan sebagainya.Saya berharap kepada rakyat satu malaysia memupukkan semangat perpaduan kaum di Malaysia dengan menghormati adat,agama dan adat resam,Negara kita ada berbilang kaum dan etnik biarlah kita duduk dengan aman dan tenteram serta agama dan kepercayaan masing-masing.Justeru itu saya sebagai keturunan siam malaysia berdoa kepada tuhan supaya negara kita di jauhkan segala malapetaka di negara ini.Biarlah kita duduk dengan secara yang aman hingga ke anak cucu dan ke mati,tidak seperti negara-negara lain sentiasa berlaku pergaduhan,pembunuhan dan lain-lain lagi.Semoga negara kita aman,tenteram dan kemakmuran rakyat satu malaysia,Biarlah kita sebagai masyarakat berlainan dan berbeza warna kulit,agama duduk dengan aman dan makmur.Jika boleh hindarkan sikap negatif untuk membencikan hubungan kaum dan etnik di malaysia,tanamkan jiwa kita satu malaysia.Walaupun berlainan agama bangsa biarlah kita sebagai masyarakat jangan sikap benci-membenci adakan sikap tolenrasi antara kaum dan etnik,adakan satu acara yang boleh membawa ke arah kebaikan suasana kaum di malaysia untuk kebaikan kita bersama.Saya berharap supaya negara kita tidak berlaku pergaduhan seperti negara-negara yang lain.

PENIAGA HARUS MENJAGA KEBERSIHAN DI SEKITAR KAWASAN GERAI.

Saya sebagai pelanggan ingin memberi kongsi bersama di dalam blog ini adalah tujuan untuk memperingatkan kepada peniaga-peniaga di malaysia supaya menjaga kebersihan di sekitar kawasan gerai,Supaya pelanggan pun ingin masuk ke gerai,sekiranya gerai tidak di jaga dengan baik maka pelanggan pun kurang.Saya berharap agar pihak kementerian kesihatan malaysia dapat memantau gerai-gerai yang kurang menjaga kebersihan dapat mengambil tindakan terhadap peniaga,supaya dapat menjaga kebersihan di dalam atau di luar gerai.Semasa saya pergi ke gerai di Alor Setar,Kedah tidak di sebut nama saya berasa geli kerana gerai itu sangat kotor dengan adanya sampah,binatang seperti lipas dan semut.Saya berharap kepada peniaga supaya dapat menjaga kebersihan sekitar gerai untuk menggelak sebarang penyakit yang melanda ke atas seseorang.Jika boleh kita hindarkan penyakit yang boleh menyebabkan sakit perut atau sebagainya dan elakkan.

ADAKAN DUA PILIHAN BAHASA DI KOMPUTER.

Saya sebagai rakyat malaysia ingin meluahkan berkenaan isu dua bahasa iaitu bahasa inggeris dan bahasa melayu di komputer,sepatutnya pihak yang berkenaan mahu adakan dua pilihan bahasa iaitu bahasa melayu dan bahasa inggeris ini tidak semua dalam bahasa inggeris bukannya semua yang pandai fasih dan bertutur dalam bahasa inggeris ada segelintir masyarakat yang boleh bertutur dan baca dalam bahasa inggeris,Walau pun negara kita bekas di jajah oleh british pada abad masa yang lalu tapi ada segelintir rakyat yang tidak sedarkan diri terutamanya kerajaan malaysia mahu menguasai bahasa inggeris dan bahasa melayu di abaikan atau di pinggirkan di manakah letaknya martabat bahasa melayu ini,cuba kita sebagai rakyat berfikir dan mengimbas kembali pada zaman dahulu,Sejak pemerintahan kesultanan melayu melaka ada juga bahasa jawi kebanyakkan surat-surat di tujukan dengan menggunakan bahasa jawi tapi sekarang bahasa jawi kurang ada dan sekarang ada bahasa rumi iaitu bahasa melayu tapi bahasa melayu tidak di gunakan lagi di pingirkan.Kita sebagai masyarakat melayu harus mementingkan martabat bahasa ibunda kita,Seperti contoh Thailand,Indonesia dan Jepun mereka menguasai bahasa ibunda mereka.Walaupun negara kita bekas di jajah oleh british kita harus ingat mencintai bahasa ibunda kita,kita orang melayu bukannya orang barat.Walau bagaimana pun kerajaan harus adakan dua pilihan bahasa iaitu bahasa melayu dan bahasa inggeris tidak kiralah sama ada di komputer atau di mana-mana sahaja,Sekurang-kurangnya ada dua bahasa boleh di fahami oleh rakyat yang kurang mahir dalam pertuturan bahasa inggeris.Bukan saya nak kutuk kepada kerajaan sekurang-kurangnya jika ada pilihan dua bahasa senang untuk di fahami oleh rakyat satu malaysia.

KURANGKAN PENGAMBILAN ORANG GAJI DI MALAYSIA.

Saya sebagai rakyat yang prihatin dengan itu saya bercadangkan kepada pihak yang berwajib supaya kurangkan pengambilan orang gaji indonesia kerana kebanyakkan tidak boleh di percayai di sebabkan hilang segala gelang,rantai leher,jam,subang dan lain-lain lagi,Sebagai contoh orang gaji tidak boleh di percayai kerana tidak tahu asal usul.kebanyakkan orang gaji yang berkerja di malaysia semakin ramai dan semakin berani mencuri,di sebabkan kita tidak tahu latar belakangnya serta perangai dan asal usul keluarganya.

ANGGOTA TENTERA PERLU MENJAGA NAMA BAIK DALAM SATU PASUKAN.

Saya sebagai anggota tentera wataniah ingin berkongsi bersama melalui laman blog ini adalah untuk memberitahu kepada anggota tentera perlu menjaga nama baik dalam satu pasukan tentera.Sepatutnya pihak tentera menjalankan tugas dengan adil dan amanah kepada rakyat serta menjaga keamanan negara,Baru-baru ini saya melihat di dalam surat khabar mengenai berita kehilangan enjin pesawat tidak sepatutnya pihak tentera membuat seperti ini kerana menjatuh nama baik serta maruah dalam satu pasukan tentera udara di raja malaysia.Kita sebagai satu pasukan tentera perlu menjaga nama baik serta dispilin anggota tentera.Sebagai anggota tentera perlu menonjolkan satu tauladan yang baik kepada badan-badan kerajaan yang lain bahawa tentera tidak menerima sebarang rasuah serta tidak mencuri segala harta hak ketenteraan.

KEBANYAKKAN PELAJAR DARI LUAR NEGARA YANG DATANG KE MALAYSIA HANYA UNTUK MELAKUKAN JENAYAH.

Saya sebagai rakyat tidak setuju kerana kebanyakkan pelajar yang datang dari luar negara hanya untuk melakukan jenayah dimalaysia bukannya untuk menimba ilmu pelajaran hanya semata-mata untuk melakukan perbuatan jenayah seperti menculik,mencuri,memperkosakan anak gadis melayu dan sebagainya.Bagi saya sepatutnya pihak kementerian mahu mengambil satu tindakan sebelum menjadi terlambat,Bagi pandangan saya sepatutnya pihak kementerian mahu mengurangkan pengambilan pelajar asing ke malaysia terutamanya pelajar dari Afrika,Nigeria dan lain-lain negara lagi.Sepatutnya pihak kementerian mengambil langkah-langkah yang penting bagi menggelakan perkara yang tidak ingini berlaku pada seseorang.Bukan kata setakat pelajar asing ke malaysia sahaja malah pekerja asing ke malaysia,sepatutnya pihak kerajaan harus berfikir di manakah anak masa depan negara.Sekiranya di beri peluang kepada orang luar untuk berkerja di Malaysia.Sanggupkah melihat anak malaysia menjadi jenayah kerana peluang di beri kepada orang luar.Berfikir-fikirlah.....

SALASILAH LATAR BELAKANG NARONGCHAI SUNTHAI.

Nama saya ialah Mohd Fairuz,nama thai Narongchai Sunthai asal keturunan saya ialah melayu kacukan siam malaysia dan saya berasal dari utara kedah,tempat lahir saya ialah Hospital Besar Alor Setar,Kedah.Saya memang berminat pelajaran dalam bahasa thai,bidang kesusasteraan thai,tomoi siam untuk menjaga ketahanan diri dari musuh dan tarian tradisional kerana tariannya sangat unik dan cantik.Walaupun saya sebagai rakyat siam keturunan thai malaysia memang saya bangga di samping itu saya hendak ikut seperti tok nenek saya yang berketurunan siam malaysia.Abang tok saya ialah Deng Sararaks seorang petugas pejabat thai konsul di pulau pinang.Saya hendak ikut seperti tok perempuan saya iaitu Maesau bernikah dengan tokwan iaitu Che Kassim Bin Mansor bekas seorang Ketua Pengarah Bomba Negeri Kedah dan Perlis.Saya adalah keluarga yang berketurunan yang baik.

BAHASA LAOS SAMA SEPERTI BAHASA THAI.

Saya sebagai rakyat malaysia yang berkerturunan siam memberi satu gambaran bahawa bahasa laos sama menyerupai seperti bahasa thai,ia adalah sama kecuali bahasa laos berlain sedikit,seperti indonesia dan malaysia cuma percakapan dialek berbeza seperti contoh indonesia selamat sore-malaysia selamat pagi samalah bahasa laos sawatdikap,sabaidee thai-sawatdikap dan sabaidee.Senang dan mudah belajar bahasa asing cuma kita minat dan rajin menguasai bahasa asing itu sahaja,sesiapa yang minat boleh berhubung dengan saya.Hantarkan email anda atau sms kepada saya bila-bila masa saya akan layan dan mengajar anda di mana anda berada harga untuk belajar tidak mahal.Sekiranya hendak tahu lebih lanjut hubungi saya...

ADAKAN SIARAN RADIO ASIAN DI MALAYSIA.

Saya sebagai peminat setia radio RTM ingin membincangkan supaya negara kita adakan rancangan-rancangan yang lebih menarik melalui saluran stesen radio malaysia dengan adanya pelbagai bahasa yang ada di saluran radio seperti Cambodia,Filipina,Indonseia,Thailand,Brunei,Vietnam,Laos dan Timor Leste dengan adanya program rancangan radio asia.Saya sebagai rakyat hanya memberi satu pendapat serta pandangan saya kepada pihak kementerian telekomunikasi supaya rakyat dapat memahami dalam sesuatu bahasa yang di minati oleh masyarakat satu malaysia,seperti yang terdapat sekarang iaitu stesen radio cina dan india di malaysia,Semoga negara malaysia ada perubahaan wajah yang baru sebelum menjelang 2020.

PERSATUAN TEKSI HARUS MENURUNKAN HARGA TAMBANG TEKSI DI MALAYSIA.

Saya sebagai pengguna teksi ingin menyuarakan kepada persatuan teksi supaya dapat di kurangkan lagi harga tambang yang terlalu tinggi supaya persatuan teksi dapat mengambil satu langkah yang baik untuk mengurangkan harga tambang yang melonjak begitu tinggi,Justeru itu saya berharap agar persatuan teksi dapat di kurangkan lagi harga tambang teksi,setakat yang berkadar sahaja jangan ambil terlalu yang tinggi.Saya berharap agar pihak berwajib mengambil langkah-langkah yang serious untuk menggelakan di kena tipu dan boleh menyebabkan penumpang teksi di kena perdaya oleh pemandu teksi.

BERDOA KEPADA TUHAN SEMOGA BLOG SAYA DI SEBARKAN KEPADA SEMUA.

Saya berdoa kepada tuhan semoga blog saya di sebarkan kepada semua masyarakat satu malaysia yang melayari blog saya ini.Biarlah tuhan memurahkan rezeki anda semua,saya juga berdoa kepada anda semoga sihat sejahtera serta bertambahnya rezeki anda.Saya berharap semoga blog saya ini di sebarkan serata negeri dan luar negara.Sekian Terima Kasih.

MASYARAKAT SIAM DI MALAYSIA SAMA TARAF SEPERTI MASYARAKAT MELAYU.

Assalamulaikum Salam Satu Malaysia dan Sawatdikap,
Saya sebagai rakyat siam malaysia kagum kerana masyarakat siam boleh hidup seperti kaum melayu dengan cara kedudukan seperti melayu serta dari segi pemakanan,rumah,pakaian dan bumiputera boleh dapat dan boleh di terima dari segi pelajaran dan lain-lain.Walaupun saya sebagai rakyat siam malaysia saya berasa syukur kerana di beri peluang untuk masuk bumiputera serta masuk Barisan Nasional dan UMNO berbanding dengan kaum-kaum lain yang terdapat di malaysia.Saya berasa amat gembira dan kagum kerana di beri peluang kepada masyarakat siam malaysia bumiputera.Terima Kasih Kepada Kerajaan Malaysia.

KERAJAAN MALAYSIA HARUS MENJAGA HATI RAKYAT SIAM MALAYSIA.

Saya sebagai rakyat malaysia yang berkerturunan siam malaysia sepatutnya pihak berwajib mahu mengambil kira sama taraf dengan masyarakat lain di malaysia seperti cina dan india ada di sebut perkataan siam di borang atau di mana-mana sahaja,Sepatutnya pihak tidak boleh di pertikaikan kerana kami pun rakyat siam malaysia sepatutnya mahu memberi sama taraf seperti kaum-kaum lain yang terdapat di malaysia.Saya juga berasa hairan kenapa kami di sebut lain-lain bangsa?,Bahkan penduduk masyarakat siam semakin bertambah dan ramai penduduk siam di utara malaysia.Saya sebagai keturunan siam malaysia berasa hampa kerana di sebutkan bangsa yang lain.Jika hendak di ikutkan kami sebagai rakyat siam malaysia lebih lama tinggal di semanjung tanah melayu seabad yang lalu sebelum kerajaan siam memerintah di tanah melayu lagi,sejak tahun 1600-1899 Masihi.Berbanding cina dan india kerana kerajaan british mengambil perkerja dari china hanya untuk lombong samalah juga dengan masyarakat india hanya membuat landasan keretapi dan memotong getah di tanah melayu pada era 1900 yang lalu sebelum merdeka lagi,Walaupun saya sebagai rakyat siam malaysia lebih lama tinggal di tanah melayu berbanding dengan kedatangan cina dan india ke tanah melayu,sepatutnya pihak berwajib memberi satu nama siam di dalam borang tidak menggunakan lain-lain bangsa.

BIOGRAPHY KING BHUMIBOL

In 1946 His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej, the ninth king of the Chakri dynasty, ascended to the Thai throne. At his coronation ceremony he promised that both he and Queen Sirikit would “reign with righteousness for the benefits and happiness of the Siamese people,” and according to Richard William Jones, whose biography of Bhumibol was published by Thailand’s National Identity Office, “For over 60 years, as the world’s longest reigning, living monarch, His Majesty has upheld the commitment articulated at his coronation.”
Jones goes on to say, “While eschewing a political role himself, King Bhumibol has established himself as both a statesman and a unifying figure in a country often afflicted by political confusion. He has always relied on hard work, rather than wealth, power and position, to gain the respect of others. Willing to play whatever role his subjects felt suitable for him, he turned towards the people who needed him most: the poor, the uneducated and the sick.”
Even though King Bhumibol’s reign has been considered the Golden Age of Thailand, there have been critics of the monarchy and its effectiveness in our modern era. In the introduction to his biography of King Bhumibol entitled The King Never Smiles Paul M. Handley states that the king has heavily promoted the throne as the nation’s salvation. However, asks Handley, has this “really created a sustainable model of the meaningful monarchy in the age of liberal constitutional democracy? Or has his restoration wistfully, and maybe recklessly, taken the monarchy back to a time which can no longer exist, and perhaps never really did?” There have also been suggestions that monarchs in Thailand—whether beneficent or not—may have a popularity advantage because of Lèse Majesté laws, regulations that allow for the arrest of those who criticize or insult a monarch. If these ensure a king’s popularity, however, they also do not preclude the possibility that a king may not choose to make use of them.
Despite criticisms of the sort that are sure to attach to most world leaders, the king indeed seems to be very much loved by his people, and Jones believes that he is probably the world’s “hardest working monarch.” King Bhumibol is a sportsman and an artist but doesn’t allow those pursuits to interfere with his civic and royal duties. He is the only reigning monarch to win a medal at an international sporting event—a gold medal for sailing at the Southeast Asian Peninsular Games. Jones records that he was also chosen as an honorary member of the Academy for Music and Performing Arts in Vienna, Austria, in 1964 and was the first Asian ever to be so honored for his music. His composition, “Blue Night,” was featured in a 1950 Broadway production of Peepshow.
In these respects it seems obvious that King Bhumibol did not aspire to be a mere figurehead. He has worked hard to improve the quality of life for his people and in 1993 he became “the world’s first reigning monarch to apply for, and be granted, a patent for his own invention” as Jones writes. The invention was a buoy-type, low-speed air jet aerator used to add oxygen to ponds and other still waters.
The king has a very practical approach to national development and to improving the environment, and thereby the lives, of his citizens. Jones notes that the king is not afraid of getting his shoes dirty, “King Bhumibol has trampled over many hills in the isolated areas of Thailand to meet excited subjects waiting to show off their new coffee shrub, peach tree or asparagus.”
The April-June 1982 issue of Leaders magazine, a Czechoslovakian publication focusing on business and lifestyle, records that the king, like every Thai monarch, is guided by the Tenfold Moral Principles of the Sovereign. These Buddhist teachings guide the monarch on the correct course to be taken by the leader of the country and by one who sets an example for all men. Jones also writes about this. “The Ten Commandments of Kingship, as His Majesty has called them, advise that a king should help those who need assistance in times of trouble,” says Jones. “He has revitalized the monarchy through his interest in the everyday needs of the populace. By changing his field of study in Switzerland from Engineering to Political Science and Law, he could understand how to rule with justice and help his people in times of need.” To that end, the king has committed himself to helping the poor and underprivileged by looking for long-term solutions to existing problems. For instance, says Jones, “in 1995, he focused on the effects of flooding on the poorest sections of the outskirts of Bangkok and brought this destruction to the attention of the government.”
According to the moral principles of the royal guide, a king should also be a person of “moral integrity, willing to sacrifice his private interests for the sake of the greater public interest; grasping the means to do right at all times.” During His Majesty’s early childhood, the Princess Mother had instilled “humanitarian principles,” teaching him to give his time and money to others. Jones said that, “she would tax the royal children ten percent of their pocket money every week, putting the contribution into a box in the center of their apartment. Then at the end of the month, she would gather all the children together to decide where the money would go: a foundation, a blind school or another charitable activity.”
King Bhumibol was trained to work for others, to sacrifice his time and money for the people, and when he ascended to the throne he put this training to work immediately. As Jones notes, the king turned over a large area of the Chitralada Villa grounds “to researchers and long-term experiments in the 50s, giving land in the Hua Hin District for the Hat Sai Yai Farm in the mid-60s and implementing a land reform program in 1975 in which royal land was donated to landless peasants.”
Jones continues to describe some of the other attributes outlined in the Tenfold Principles: a king needs to be faithful to his ideals, sincere in working for the public, honest while being “modest and gentle.” He should be unassertive and pleasant of manner, “refraining from anger or the display of displeasure.” He should not provoke others, but promote “peace and non-violent action.” “Finally” Jones writes, “a leader should be diligent and hard-working in all tasks, leading a simple life full of self-control; forbearing all; and not obstructing the will of the people.”
Many would call King Bhumibol a shining example of these traits. He has certainly been recognized throughout the world for his service and leadership. In 1992 the World Health Organization (WHO) awarded His Majesty its Health-for-All Gold Medal for services ensuring the nation’s good health, which is a tribute to his concern for the well-being of others. Not only had the king established free clinics staffed by royal physicians and military medical personnel, he had also created a Royal Mobile Dental Unit in April 1970, entrusting this mission to his personal dentist Dr. Sri Sirisingha, who had recently retired. The doctor recalled the king’s order: “. . . I would like you to look after the dental care of the students who live in remote areas. I will take care of all the necessary expenses and will provide you with a mobile dental unit to go out to isolated villages and hamlets.”
In June of 1995 the respected periodical Asiaweek praised him at the top of their list of 20 great Asians, saying that Bhumibol “has continued to look out for the good of even the lowest in the kingdom. He influences politics without being political. In doing so, he has made an ancient monarchy into a crucial component of a progressive and prosperous democracy.”
His efforts have even been noticed by governments outside of Asia. While addressing the United States Senate in 1995, Montana Senator Max Baucus had this to say about His Majesty’s hard work:
Today, Thailand is one of the anchors of the modern, prosperous Southeast Asia. Bangkok has become one of the world’s great cities and commercial centers. . . . Much of this extraordinary success is due to the wise guidance of King Bhumibol. The king has led by example. He has embodied the ten traditional moral principles of Buddhist kings: charity toward the poor; morality; sacrifice of personal interest; honesty; courtesy; self-restraint; tranquility of temperament; non-violence; patience; and impartiality in settling disputes. And he has led by action. Together, King Bhumibol and Queen Sirikit have devoted decades to improving the lives of Thai people in rural and impoverished regions. They constantly travel to the country’s 73 provinces, meeting with villagers and staying close to the people. The results are obvious in improved public health, the spread of education to all Thai children and the renewal of traditional crafts and textiles.
Because of his hard work and widely-recognized dedication to the Thai community, King Bhumibol holds a cherished place in the hearts and minds of his people. In an age when celebrity is fleeting and fame disappears in moments, Bhumibol’s popularity in Thailand remains undiminished. He appears not only to have lived up to his coronation promise to rule with righteousness, but in the eyes of many of his people he also appears to have lived up to his name, Bhumibol, which in Sanskrit means “Strength of the Land.”

HISTORY KING BHUMIBOL THAILAND

King Bhumibol Adulyadej is the world’s longest ruling sovereign ascending to the Thai throne in 1946.
History of King BhumibolBhumibol is an accomplished sailor and sailboat designer. He won a gold medal for sailing in the Fourth Southeast Asian Peninsular (SEAP) Games in 1967, together with HRH Princess Ubol Ratana whom he tied for points. This accomplishment is all the more remarkable given Bhumibol’s lack of binocular depth perception. Bhumibol has also sailed the Gulf of Thailand from Hua Hin to Toey Harbour in Sattahip, covering 60 nautical miles (110 km) in a 14-hour journey on the “Vega 1,” an OK Class dinghy he built.
Like his father, a former naval engineer, Bhumibol was an avid boat designer and builder. He produced several small sail-boat designs in the International Enterprise, OK, and Moth Classes. His designs in the Moth class include the “Mod,” “Super Mod,” and “Micro Mod.”
King’s Patent
Bhumibol is the only Thai monarch – and possibly the only monarch in the world – to hold a patent. He obtained one in 1993 for a waste water aerator named “Chai Pattana” and several patents on rainmaking since 1955: the “sandwich” rainmaking patent in 1999 and lately the “supersandwich” patent in 2003.
King Bhumibol’s Wealth
Estimates of the post-devaluation (circa 1997–1998) wealth of the royal household range from 10 billion to 20 billion USD. In August 2008 the magazine Forbes came out with its 2008 version of The World’s Richest Royals. King Bhumibol took first place on the list with an estimated wealth of $35 billion. A few days later the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Thailand issued a statement that the Forbes report erred, attributing wealth owned by the Crown Property Bureau (CPB) solely to Bhumibol. The wealth and properties of Bhumibol and the royal family are managed by the Crown Property Bureau and the Privy Purse. The CPB was established by law but is managed independently of the Thai Government and reports only to Bhumibol.
Through the CPB, Bhumibol and the royal family own massive amounts of land and equity in many companies. The CPB is the majority shareholder of Siam Cement (the largest Thai industrial conglomerate), Christiani & Nielsen (one of the largest Thai construction firms), Deves Insurance (which holds a monopoly on government property insurance and contract insurance), Siam Commercial Bank (one of the largest Thai banks), and Shin Corporation (a major Thai telecommunications firm, through the CPB’s holdings in Siam Commercial Bank). The CPB also rents or leases about 36,000 properties to third parties, including the sites of the Four Seasons Hotel Bangkok, the Suan Lum Night Bazaar, Siam Paragon and the Central World Tower. The CPB spearheaded a plan to turn Bangkok’s historical Rajadamnoen Avenue into a shopping street known as the “Champs-Élysées of Asia” and in 2007. Bhumibol’s substantial income from the CPB, estimated to be at least five billion baht in 2004 alone. The CPB receives many state privileges. Although the Ministry of Finance technically runs the CPB, it is alleged that decisions are made solely by Bhumibol. It is claimed that the CPB’s annual report is for the eyes of Bhumibol alone; the annual report is not released to the public.
In addition, Bhumibol has numerous personal investments independent of the CPB. He is personally the majority shareholder of the Thai Insurance Company and Sammakorn, as well as many other companies.
The CPB has a fleet of three aircraft for the use of the royal family, including a Boeing 737-800 and an Airbus A319. The newer Airbus had been purchased by the Thaksin Shinawatra government for government use, but after the 2006 coup, the junta offered it to the king. The other planes are used by members of the royal family.
Among other vehicles, Bhumibol owns two custom-built stretch limousines from LCW Automotive Corp.
Succession to the Throne
Bhumibol’s only son, Prince Vajiralongkorn, was given the title “Somdej Phra Boroma Orasadhiraj Chao Fah Maha Vajiralongkorn Sayam Makutrajakuman” (Crown Prince of Siam) on 28 December 1972 and made heir apparent to the throne in accordance with the Palace Law on Succession of 1924.
On 5 December 1977, Princess Sirindhorn was given the title, “Siam Boromrajakumari” (Princess Royal of Siam). Her title is often translated by the English-language press as “Crown Princess”, although her official English-language title is simply “Princess”.
Although the constitution was later amended to allow the Privy Council to appoint a princess as successor to the throne, this would only occur in the absence of an heir apparent. This amendment is retained in Section 23 of the 1997 “People’s Constitution.” This effectively signaled Princess Sirindhorn as second in line to the throne, but did not affect Prince Vajiralongkorn’s status as heir apparent.
Recent constitutions of Thailand have made the amendment of the Palace Law of Succession the sole prerogative of the reigning King. According to Gothom Arya, former Election Commissioner, this allows the reigning King, if he so chooses, to appoint his son or any of his daughters to the Throne.
King Bhumibol Adulyadej was born Monday 5 December 1927 and is the current King and Head of the State of Thailand. Publicly acclaimed “the Great”, he is also known as Rama IX – or the 9th King of the Chakri Dynasty. Having reigned since 9 June 1946, he is the world’s longest-serving current head of state and the longest-serving monarch in Thai history.
Although King Bhumibol is a constitutional monarch, he has made several decisive interventions in Thai politics when there was bloodshed or when Thailand was in turmoil. He was credited with facilitating Thailand’s transition to democracy in the 1990s, although he has supported some military regimes, including Sarit Dhanarajata during the 1960’s and the Council for Democratic Reform in 2006-2008. He has also used his considerable influence to stop military coups, including recent attempts in 1981 and 1985.King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s Thai full title is “Phra Bat Somdet Phra Poramintharamaha Bhumibol Adulyadej Mahitalathibet Ramathibodi Chakkrinaruebodin Sayamminthrathirat Borommanatbophit” (พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาภูมิพลอดุลยเดช มหิตลาธิเบศรรามาธิบดี จักรีนฤบดินทร สยามินทราธิราช บรมนาถบพิตร)
He is reported to be the richest monarch in the world, with a personal net worth of $35 billion. King Bhumibol has used part of his great wealth to fund many royal development projects, particularly in rural areas of the country; many other projects came about at his suggestion and were funded by the Thai government. In 2006, Bhumibol was presented with United Nations’ first Human Development Lifetime Achievement Award. He has been the only recipient of the award to date. Bhumibol has also set a world record for receiving the greatest number of honorary university degrees.
Bhumibol ascended to the throne following the death of his brother, King Ananda Mahidol, on 9 June 1946. Bhumibol then returned to Switzerland in order to complete his education, and his uncle, Rangsit, Prince of Chainat, was appointed Prince Regent. Bhumibol switched over his field of study to law and political science in order to prepare himself more effectively for his new position as ruler.
While finishing his degree in Switzerland, Bhumibol visited Paris frequently. It was in Paris that he first met a first cousin once removed, Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kitiyakara, daughter of the Thai ambassador to France. He was 21 and she was 15. Bhumibol became a regular visitor to the ambassador’s residence and later married her.
Bhumibol and his wife Queen Sirikit have four children:
(Formerly HRH) Princess Ubol Ratana, born 5 April 1951 in Lausanne, Switzerland
HRH Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn, born 28 July 1952
HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, born 2 April 1955
HRH Princess Chulabhorn Walailak, born 4 July 1957
Royal projects
Bhumibol has been involved in many social and economic development projects. The nature of his involvement has varied by political regime.
The military regime of Plaek Pibulsonggram (1951–1957) suppressed the monarchy. However, during that period Bhumibol managed to initiate a few projects using his own personal funds. These projects included the Royal Film and Radio Broadcasting Projects.
In the military governments of Sarit Dhanarajata and his successors (1958–1980), Bhumibol was reportrayed as the “Development King” and the source of the economic and political goals of the regime. Royally-initiated projects were implemented under the financial and political support of the government, including projects in rural areas and communities under the influence of the Communist Party of Thailand. Bhumibol’s visits to these projects were heavily promoted by the Sarit government and broadcast on the state-controlled media.
During the civilian governments of General Prem Tinsulanond (1981–1987), the relationship between the Thai state and the monarch was at its closest. Prem, later to become President of Bhumibol’s Privy Council, officially allocated government budgets and manpower to support royal projects. Most activities in this period involved the development of large scale irrigationDuring the modern period (post-1988), the structured development of the Royal Projects reached its apex. Bhumibol’s Chaipattana Foundation was established, promoting his “sufficiency economy” theory, an alternative to the export-oriented policies adopted by the period’s elected governments. Following the 2006 coup, establishment of a “sufficiency economy” was enshrined in the constitution as being a primary goal of the government.
Example Projects:
Rama VIII Bridge. Suggested by Bhumibol, funded by the government.
Huai Ongkod land reform project, Kanchanaburi province. Suggested by Bhumibol, using government-owned land.
Royal Medical Team. Bhumibol’s private physicians accompanying him on village tours are encouraged to provide medical care for local residents. In addition, Bhumibol sponsors physicians who volunteer to serve in hospitals in provinces where royal palaces are situatedIn 1960, Bhumibol was a recipient of the Royal Victorian Chain, a personal award of Queen Elizabeth II, the British Monarch. Also on June 28, 1960, President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower presented him with the Legion of Merit, Degree of Chief Commander and Bhumibol presented President Eisenhower with the Most Illustrious Order of the Royal House of Chakri.
Bhumibol, who serves as head of The National Scout Organization of Thailand, was presented the Bronze Wolf award on 20 June 2006, the highest award of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, for his support and development of Scouting in Thailand by Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden and Honorary President of the World Scout Foundation. The presentation took place at Chitralada Palace in Thailand and was witnessed by Chairman of the World Scout Committee Herman Hui.
Bhumibol set a world record for receiving the greatest number of honorary university degrees (136) in 1997.
In May 2006, UN Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, presented the United Nations’ first Human Development Lifetime Achievement Award to Bhumibol.Also called the Diamond Jubilee, the 60th Anniversary Celebrations of His Majesty the King’s Accession to the Throne were a series of events marking Bhumibol’s reign. Events included the royal barge procession on the Chao Phraya River, fireworks displays, art exhibitions, pardoning 25,000 prisoners, concerts and dance performances.Tied in with the anniversary, on 26 May 2006 United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan presented Bhumibol with the United Nations Development Programme’s first Human Development Lifetime Achievement Award. National holidays were on 9 June and June 12 -13, 2006. On June 9, the King and Queen appeared on the balcony of Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall before hundreds of thousands of people. The official royal barge procession on 12 June was attended by the King and Queen and royal visitors from 26 other countries. On 13 June, a state banquet for the royal visitors was held in the newly constructed Rama IX Throne Hall at the Grand Palace, the first official function for the hall. The Chiang Mai Royal Flora Expo was also held to honor the anniversary.
On 16 January 2007, the CDRM officially declared the end of the 60th anniversary celebrations and commenced year-long celebrations of Bhumibol’s 80th birthday.Many do not realize that King Bhumibol has many talents. Bhumibol is a painter, musician, photographer, author and translator. His book Phra Mahachanok is based on a traditional Jataka story of Buddhist scripture. The Story of Thong Daeng is the story of his dog Thong Daeng.
In his youth, Prince Bhumibol was greatly interested in firearms. He kept a carbine, a Sten gun, and two automatic pistols in his bedroom, and he and his elder brother, King Ananda Mahidol, often used the gardens of the Baromphiman Palace for target practice.
Music
Bhumibol is an accomplished jazz musician and composer, particularly the alto saxophone. He was the first Asian composer awarded honorary membership of the Academy of Music and Dramatic Arts in Vienna at the age of 32. He used to play jazz music on air on the Or Sor radio station. In his travels, he has played with such jazz legends as Benny Goodman, Jack Teagarden, Lionel Hampton, Maynard Ferguson, and Preservation Hall Jazz Band. His songs can often be heard at social gatherings and are performed in concerts.

ERA PLAEK PIBULSONGGRAM

In the early years of his reign, during the government of military dictator Plaek Pibulsonggram, Bhumibol had no real power and was little more than a ceremonial figure under the military-dominated government. In August 1957, 6 months after parliamentary elections, General Sarit Dhanarajata accused the government of Field Marshal Pibulsonggram of lèse majesté due to its conduct of the 2,500th anniversary celebration of Buddhism.[18][19] On 16 September 1957, Pibulsonggram went to Bhumibol to seek support for his government.[20] Bhumibol told the Field Marshal to resign to avoid a coup; Pibulsonggram refused. That evening, Sarit Dhanarajata seized power, and two hours later Bhumibol imposed martial law throughout the Kingdom.[21] Bhumibol issued a Royal Command appointing Sarit as "Military Defender of the Capital" without anyone countersigning this Royal Command. The said Royal Command included the following statements:[21]
“
Whereas it is manifested that the country administration by the Government under the premiership of Field Marshal P. Phibunsonggram is untrustworthy, and the Government could not maintain the public order. The military under the leadership of Field Marshal Sarit Dhanarajata successfully took over the administration of the country and is acting as the Military Defender of the Capital. I, therefore, have appointed Field Marshal Sarit Dhanarajata as the Military Defender of the Capital. All the people are requested to remain calm while all public servants are to follow the Orders issued by Field Marshal Sarit Dhanarajat. This Royal Command shall come into force immediately. Proclaimed on 16 September Buddhist Era 2500 (1957).
”
[edit] Sarit Dhanarajata era
During Sarit's dictatorship, the monarchy was revitalised. Bhumibol attended public ceremonies, toured the provinces and patronised development projects. Under Sarit, the practice of crawling in front of royalty during audiences, banned by King Chulalongkorn, was revived in certain situations and the royal-sponsored Thammayut Nikaya order was revitalised. For the first time since the absolute monarchy was overthrown, a king was conveyed up the Chao Phraya River in a Royal Barge Procession to offer robes at temples.[22][23]
Other disused ceremonies from the classical period of the Chakri dynasty, such as the royally-patronised ploughing ceremony (Thai: พิธีพืชมงคล), were also revived.[24] Upon Sarit's death in 8 December 1963, an unprecedented 21 days of mourning were declared in the palace. A royal five-tier umbrella shaded his body while it lay in state. Long-time royal adviser Phraya Srivisarn Vacha later noted that no Prime Minister ever had such an intimate relationship with Bhumibol as Sarit.[25]
Contemporary thinkers differ in their views about the relationship between Bhumibol and Sarit. Paul Handley, writer of The King Never Smiles views Sarit as Bhumibol's tool, whereas political scientist Thak Chaloemtiarana asserts that Sarit used Bhumibol in order to build his own credibility.[26][27]
[edit] Thanom Kittikachorn era

Thanom Kittikachorn
Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn was appointed premier a day after Sarit's death in 1963. He continued most of Sarit's policies for a decade. During the 1970s, Bhumibol was a key figure in the Village Scouts and Red Gaur paramilitary organisations. In October 1973 after massive protests and the deaths of a large number of pro-democracy demonstrators, Bhumibol opened the gates of the Chitralada Palace to fleeing protesters, and held an audience with student leaders. Bhumibol subsequently appointed the Thammasat University Rector Sanya Dharmasakti as the new Prime Minister, replacing Thanom. Thanom subsequently moved to the United States and Singapore. A succession of civilian governments followed, but the return of Field Marshal Thanom and his ordination as a novice monk at Wat Bowonniwet in 1976 led to renewed conflict.
[edit] Prem Tinsulanond era
The ensuing chaos was used as a pretext for a military coup. The junta submitted three names to the king to choose from to become the next Premier: Deputy President of the king's Privy Council Prakob Hutasingh, right-wing Bangkok Governor Thamnoon Thien-ngern, and conservative Supreme Court judge Thanin Kraivixien.[28] Bhumibol chose Thanin as the most suitable. However, Thanin proved to be very right-wing himself, causing student protesters to flee to join the communists in the jungle. Thanin was himself overthrown in a military coup in October 1977 led by General Kriangsak Chomanan. Kriangsak was succeeded in 1980 by the popular Army Commander-in-Chief, General Prem Tinsulanond, later the Privy Council President.
Bhumibol's refusal to endorse military coups in 1981 (the April Fool's Day coup) and 1985 (the Share Rebellion) ultimately led to the victory of forces loyal to the government, despite some violence - including in 1981, the seizure of Bangkok by rebel forces. The coups led many to believe that Bhumibol had misjudged Thai society and that his credibility as an impartial mediator between various political and military factions had been compromised.[29][30][31]
[edit] Crisis of 1992

Royal intervention on the night of 20 May. Left to right: Chamlong Srimuang, Suchinda Kraprayoon and the King (seated).
Main article: Black May (1992)
In 1992, Bhumibol played a key role in Thailand's transition to a democratic system. A coup on 23 February 1991 returned Thailand back under military dictatorship. After a general election in 1992, the majority parties invited General Suchinda Kraprayoon, a leader of the coup group, to be the Prime Minister. This caused much dissent, which escalated into demonstrations that led to a large number of deaths when the military was brought in to control the protesters. The situation became increasingly critical as police and military forces clashed with the protesters. Violence and riot spread out in many areas of the capital with rumour on the rift among armed forces.[32]
Amidst the fear of civil war, Bhumibol intervened. He summoned Suchinda and the leader of the pro-democracy movement, retired Major General Chamlong Srimuang, to a televised audience, urged them to find a peaceful resolution. At the height of the crisis, the sight of both men appearing together on their knees (in accordance with royal protocol) made a strong impression on the nation, and led to Suchinda's resignation soon afterwards.
It was one of the few occasions in which Bhumibol directly and publicly intervened in a political conflict. A general election was held shortly afterward, leading to a civilian government.[33]

With then President Vladimir Putin in Bangkok on 22 October 2003.
[edit] Crisis of 2005–2006 and the September 2006 coup
Main articles: Thailand political crisis 2005-2006, Finland Plot, and 2006 Thailand coup d'état
[edit] Background to the coup
See also: Thailand political crisis 2005-2006
Weeks before the April 2006 legislative election, the Democrat Party-led opposition and the People's Alliance for Democracy petitioned Bhumibol to appoint a replacement prime minister and cabinet. Demands for royal intervention met with much criticism from the public. Bhumibol, in a speech on 26 April 2006, responded, "Asking for a Royally-appointed prime minister is undemocratic. It is, pardon me, a mess. It is irrational".[34]
After publicly claiming victory in the boycotted April parliamentary elections, Thaksin Shinawatra had a private audience with the king. A few hours later, Thaksin appeared on national television to announce that he would be taking a break from politics.
In May 2006, the Sondhi Limthongkul-owned Manager Daily newspaper published a series of articles describing the "Finland Plot", alleging that Thaksin and former members of the Communist Party of Thailand planned to overthrow the king and seize control of the nation. No evidence was ever produced to verify the existence of such a plot, and Thaksin and his Thai Rak Thai party vehemently denied the accusations and sued the accusers.
The 1997 People's Constitution introduced a new judicial structure. It traditionally included the Criminal and Civil Courts as the first instance for court cases, followed by the Appeals Court, with cases ending up in the Supreme Court. The new structure also included a Constitutional Court and an Administrative Court having their own Supreme Constitutional Court and Supreme Administrative Court. The Constitutional and Administrative "branch" of the Judiciary were independent of the Supreme Court. This system made it easy for unscrupulous politicians to have the same case filed in different courts. Some cases were under the jurisdiction of the Administrative and Constitutional and Civil court.
In a rare, televised speech to senior judges, Bhumibol requested the judiciary to take action to resolve the political crisis.[34] On 8 May 2006, the Constitutional Court invalidated the results of the April elections and ordered new elections scheduled for 15 October 2006.[35] The Criminal Court later jailed the Election Commissioners.[36][37]
On 14 July 2006, Privy Council President Prem Tinsulanonda addressed graduating cadets of the Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy, telling them that the Thai military must serve the King - not the Government.[38]
On 20 July, Bhumibol signed a royal decree endorsing new House elections for 15 October 2006. In an unprecedented act, the King wrote a note on the royal decree calling for a clean and fair election. That very day, Bhumibol underwent spinal surgery.[39]
[edit] The coup
See also: 2006 Thailand coup

Soldiers were welcomed with flowers
In the evening of 19 September, the Thai military overthrew the Thaksin government and seized control of Bangkok in a bloodless coup. The junta, led by the Sonthi Boonyaratglin, Commander of the Army, called itself the Council for Democratic Reform under the Constitutional Monarchy, accused the deposed prime minister and his regime of many crimes, including lèse majesté, and pledged its loyalty to Bhumibol. Martial law was declared, the Constitution repealed and the October elections cancelled.[40] Hundreds of Bangkokians came out to flock around the coup makers' stationed forces. Protests were banned and protesters were arrested. On 20 September, Bhumibol endorsed the coup, and ordered civil servants to take orders from Sonthi.
The King's role in the coup was the subject of much speculation among Thai analysts and the international media. The King had an audience with Privy Council President Prem Tinsulanonda at the same time as the First Special Forces were ordered mobilised.[41] Anti-coup protesters claimed that Prem was a key mastermind of the coup, although the military claimed otherwise and banned any discussion of the topic. In a BBC interview, Thitinan Pongsudhirak of Chulalongkorn University noted, "This coup was nothing short of Thaksin versus the King... He is widely seen as having implicitly endorsed the coup." In the same interview, social critic Sulak Sivaraksa claimed, "Without his involvement, the coup would have been impossible." Sulak added that the King is "very skillful. He never becomes obviously involved. If this coup goes wrong, Sonthi will get the blame, but whatever happens, the King will only get praise."[42] On Saturday 23 September 2006, the junta warned they would "urgently retaliate against foreign reporters whose coverage has been deemed insulting to the monarchy."[43] The President of Bhumibol's Privy Council, General Prem Tinsulanonda, supported the coup. The junta later appointed Privy Council member General Surayud Chulanont as Prime Minister.
On 20 April 2009, Thaksin claimed in an interview with the Financial Times that King Bhumibol had been briefed by Privy Councillors Prem Tinsulanonda and Surayud Chulanont about their plans to stage the 2006 coup. He claimed that General Panlop Pinmanee, a leader of the People's Alliance for Democracy, had told him of the briefing.[44][45] The Thai embassy in London denied Thaksin's claims.
[edit] After the coup
The junta appointed a Constitutional Tribunal to rule on the alleged poll fraud cases concerning the Thai Rak Thai and Democrat political parties. Guilty rulings would have dissolved both parties, Thailand's largest and oldest, respectively, and banned the parties' leadership from politics for five years. The weeks leading up to the verdicts saw rising political tensions. On 24 May 2007, about a week before the scheduled verdict, Bhumibol gave a rare speech to the Supreme Administrative Court (the President of which is also a member of the Constitutional Tribunal). "You have the responsibility to prevent the country from collapsing," he warned them in the speech, which was shown on all national television channels simultaneously during the evening. “The nation needs political parties.” The actual meaning of Bhumibol's advice was not clear, and interpretations varied. Some observers saw it as suggesting the judges should not make a compromise ruling. Others saw it as a warning against dissolving the two major parties. Bhumibol, who spoke standing but in a weak, rasping voice, was careful not to say where he stood on the merits of the case. "In my mind, I have a judgment but I cannot say," he said. "Either way the ruling goes, it will be bad for the country, there will be mistakes."[46][47][48] The Tribunal later acquitted the Democrat Party but dissolved the Thai Rak Thai party and banned over 100 of its executives from politics for five years.
The junta-appointed Constitution Drafting Assembly later tried to use the King in a propaganda campaign to increase public support for its widely criticised draft constitution. The CDA placed billboards saying, "Love the King. Care about the King. Vote in the referendum. throughout the Northeast of Thailand, where opposition to the junta was greatest.[49]
[edit] 2008 crisis
Main article: 2008 Thai political crisis
The new constitution passed the referendum, and elections were held in December 2007. The People's Power Party, consisting of many former Thai Rak Thai MPs and supporters, won the majority and formed a government. The People's Alliance for Democracy reformed and started protests, eventually laying siege to Government House, Don Muang Airport, and Suvarnabhumi Airport. Although the PAD claimed they were defending the monarchy, Bhumibol remained silent. However, after a PAD supporter died in a clash with police, Queen Sirikit presided over her cremation. Princess Sirindhorn, when asked at a US press conference whether the PAD was acting on behalf of the monarchy, replied, "I don't think so. They do things for themselves."[50] Questioning and criticism over Bhumibol's role in the crisis increased, particularly from the international press.[51][52][53][54][55][56][57] “It is more and more difficult for them to hold the illusion that the monarchy is universally adored,” says a Thai academic.[58]
[edit] Royal powers
For a historical perspective on how Bhumibol's constitutional powers have changed over time, see the Constitutions of Thailand article

Monument to King Bhumibol in Phitsanulok, Thailand
Bhumibol retains enormous powers, partly because of his immense popularity and partly because his powers - although clearly defined in the Thai Constitution - are often subject to conflicting interpretations. This was highlighted by the controversy surrounding the appointment of Jaruvan Maintaka as Auditor-General. Jaruvavn had been appointed by The State Audit Commission. However, the Constitutional Court ruled in July 2004 that her appointment was unconstitutional. Jaruvan refused to vacate her office without an explicit order from Bhumibol, on the grounds that she had previously been royally approved. When the Senate elected a replacement for Jaruvan, Bhumibol refused to approve him.[59] The Senate declined to vote to override Bhumibol's veto.[60] Finally in February 2006 the Audit Commission reinstated Jaruvan when it became clear from a memo from the Office of the King's Principal Private Secretary that King Bhumibol supported her appointment.
Bhumibol has vetoed legislation very rarely. In 1976, when the Parliament voted 149-19 to extend democratic elections down to district levels, Bhumibol refused to sign the law.[61] The Parliament refused to vote to overturn the King's veto. In 1954, Bhumibol vetoed parliamentary-approved land reform legislation twice before consenting to sign it.[62] The law limited the maximum land an individual could hold to 50 rai (20 acres), at a time when the Crown Property Bureau was the Kingdom's largest land-owner. The law was repealed after General Sarit overthrew the elected government in a coup.
Bhumibol's popularity was demonstrated following the 2003 Phnom Penh riots in Cambodia, when hundreds of Thai protesters, enraged by the burning of the Thai embassy in Phnom Penh, gathered outside the Cambodian embassy in Bangkok. The situation was resolved peacefully when Police General Sant Sarutanonda told the crowd that he had received a call from royal secretary Arsa Sarasin conveying Bhumibol's request for calm. The crowd dispersed.[63]
Bhumibol has the constitutional prerogative to pardon criminals, although there are several criteria for receiving a pardon, including age and remaining sentence. The 2006 pardoning of several convicted paedophiles, including an Australian rapist and child pornographer, caused controversy.[64][65][66]
[edit] Royal projects
[edit] History

Bhumibol Dam
Bhumibol has been involved in many social and economic development projects. The nature of his involvement has varied by political regime.[67]
The military regime of Plaek Pibulsonggram (1951–1957) suppressed the monarchy. However, during that period Bhumibol managed to initiate a few projects using his own personal funds. These projects included the Royal Film and Radio Broadcasting Projects.
In the military governments of Sarit Dhanarajata and his successors (1958–1980), Bhumibol was reportrayed as the "Development King" and the source of the economic and political goals of the regime. Royally-initiated projects were implemented under the financial and political support of the government, including projects in rural areas and communities under the influence of the Communist Party of Thailand. Bhumibol's visits to these projects were heavily promoted by the Sarit government and broadcast on the state-controlled media.
During the civilian governments of General Prem Tinsulanond (1981–1987), the relationship between the Thai state and the monarch was at its closest. Prem, later to become President of Bhumibol's Privy Council, officially allocated government budgets and manpower to support royal projects. Most activities in this period involved the development of large scale irrigation projects in rural areas.
During the modern period (post-1988), the structured development of the Royal Projects reached its apex. Bhumibol's Chaipattana Foundation was established, promoting his "sufficiency economy" theory, an alternative to the export-oriented policies adopted by the period's elected governments. Following the 2006 coup, establishment of a "sufficiency economy" was enshrined in the constitution as being a primary goal of the government.
[edit] Example projects
Rama VIII Bridge. Suggested by Bhumibol, funded by the government
Huai Ongkod land reform project, Kanchanaburi province. Suggested by Bhumibol, using government-owned land.
Royal Medical Team. Bhumibol's private physicians accompanying him on village tours are encouraged to provide medical care for local residents. In addition, Bhumibol sponsors physicians who volunteer to serve in hospitals in provinces where royal palaces are situated.[68]
[edit] Awards
In 1960, Bhumibol was a recipient of the Royal Victorian Chain, a personal award of Queen Elizabeth II. Also on 28 June 1960, President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower presented him with the Legion of Merit, Degree of Chief Commander[69] and Bhumibol presented President Eisenhower with the Most Illustrious Order of the Royal House of Chakri.
Bhumibol, who serves as head of The National Scout Organization of Thailand, was presented the Bronze Wolf award on 20 June 2006, the highest award of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, for his support and development of Scouting in Thailand by Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden and Honorary President of the World Scout Foundation. The presentation took place at Chitralada Palace in Thailand and was witnessed by Chairman of the World Scout Committee Herman Hui.
Bhumibol set a world record for receiving the greatest number of honorary university degrees (136) in 1997.[70] Most of his degrees came from Thai universities: for instance, Kasetsart University awarded him ten honorary doctoral degrees at once.
In May 2006, UN Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, presented the United Nations' first Human Development Lifetime Achievement Award to Bhumibol.[71]
[edit] 60th Anniversary celebrations
Main article: 60th anniversary of the accession of Bhumibol Adulyadej
Also called the Diamond Jubilee, the 60th Anniversary Celebrations of His Majesty the King's Accession to the Throne were a series of events marking Bhumibol's reign. Events included the royal barge procession on the Chao Phraya River, fireworks displays, art exhibitions, pardoning 25,000 prisoners,[72] concerts and dance performances.
Tied in with the anniversary, on 26 May 2006 United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan presented Bhumibol with the United Nations Development Programme's first Human Development Lifetime Achievement Award. National holidays were on 9 June and 12 June -13, 2006. On 9 June, the King and Queen appeared on the balcony of Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall before hundreds of thousands of people. The official royal barge procession on 12 June was attended by the King and Queen and royal visitors from 26 other countries. On 13 June, a state banquet for the royal visitors was held in the newly constructed Rama IX Throne Hall at the Grand Palace, the first official function for the hall. The Chiang Mai Royal Flora Expo was also held to honour the anniversary.
On 16 January 2007, the CDRM officially declared the end of the 60th anniversary celebrations and commenced year-long celebrations of Bhumibol's 80th birthday.[73]
[edit] Private life
Chakri Monarchs

Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke
Buddha Loetla Nabhalai
Jessadabodindra
Mongkut
Chulalongkorn
Vajiravudh
Prajadhipok
Ananda Mahidol
Bhumibol Adulyadej
This box: view • talk
Bhumibol is a painter, musician, photographer, author and translator. His book Phra Mahachanok is based on a traditional Jataka story of Buddhist scripture. The Story of Thong Daeng is the story of his dog Thong Daeng.[74]
In his youth, Prince Bhumibol was greatly interested in firearms. He kept a carbine, a Sten gun, and two automatic pistols in his bedroom, and he and his elder brother, King Ananda Mahidol, often used the gardens of the Baromphiman Palace for target practice.[75]
There are two English language books that provide extensive detail - albeit not always verifiable - about Bhumibol's life, especially his early years and then throughout his entire reign. One is The Revolutionary King by William Stevenson, ISBN 978-1-84119-451-6; the other is The King Never Smiles by Paul M. Handley. A third and earlier work, The Devil's Discus, is also available in Thai and some English.
[edit] Health
Bhumibol suffers from lumbar spine stenosis, a narrowing of the canal that contains the spinal cord and nerve roots, which results in back and leg pain and numbness in the legs. He received a microsurgical decompression in July 2006.[76][77]
Bhumibol was taken to Bangkok's Siriraj hospital on Saturday 13 October 2007, complaining he felt weak down his right side; doctors later found out through scans that he had a blood shortage to his brain.[78] He was discharged on 7 November 2007.[79]
On 19 September 2009, he was once again admitted to hospital with flu symptoms and is still recovering as of December 2009.
[edit] Music
Bhumibol is an accomplished jazz musician and composer, particularly for his works on the alto saxophone. He was the first Asian composer awarded honorary membership of the Academy of Music and Dramatic Arts in Vienna at the age of 32.[80] He used to play jazz music on air on the Or Sor radio station. In his travels, he has played with such jazz legends as Benny Goodman, Jack Teagarden, Lionel Hampton, Maynard Ferguson, and Preservation Hall Jazz Band. His songs can often be heard at social gatherings and are performed in concerts. They can be listened to here.
On 27 June 1967, after a 30-day concert tour, the University of North Texas One O'Clock Lab Band performed at a White House dinner for President and Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson and Bhumibol and his wife, at his request.[81] In 2003, the University of North Texas College of Music awarded him an Honorary Doctorate in Music.
[edit] Sailing
Bhumibol is an accomplished sailor and sailboat designer.[82] He won a gold medal for sailing in the Fourth Southeast Asian Peninsular (SEAP) Games in 1967, together with HRH Princess Ubol Ratana whom he tied for points.[83] This accomplishment is all the more remarkable given Bhumibol's lack of binocular depth perception. Bhumibol has also sailed the Gulf of Thailand from Hua Hin to Toey Harbour in Sattahip, covering 60 nautical miles (110 km) in a 14-hour journey on the "Vega 1," an OK Class dinghy he built.[75]
Like his father, a former naval engineer, Bhumibol was an avid boat designer and builder. He produced several small sail-boat designs in the International Enterprise, OK, and Moth Classes. His designs in the Moth class include the “Mod,” “Super Mod,” and “Micro Mod.”[84]
[edit] Patent
Bhumibol is the only Thai monarch – and possibly the only monarch in the world – to hold a patent.[85][86] He obtained one in 1993 for a waste water aerator named "Chai Pattana", and several patents on rainmaking since 1955: the "sandwich" rainmaking patent in 1999 and lately the "supersandwich" patent in 2003.[87][88][89]
[edit] Wealth
Estimates of the post-devaluation (circa 1997–1998) wealth of the royal household range from 10 billion to 20 billion USD.[90] In August 2008 the magazine Forbes came out with its 2008 version of The World's Richest Royals. King Bhumibol took first place on the list with an estimated wealth of $35 billion.[91] A few days later the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Thailand issued a statement that the Forbes report erred, attributing wealth owned by the Crown Property Bureau (CPB) solely to Bhumibol.[92][93] The wealth and properties of Bhumibol and the royal family are managed by the Crown Property Bureau and the Privy Purse. The CPB was established by law but is managed independently of the Thai Government and reports only to Bhumibol.[75][94]
Through the CPB, Bhumibol and the royal family own massive amounts of land and equity in many companies. The CPB is the majority shareholder of Siam Cement (the largest Thai industrial conglomerate) , Christiani & Nielsen (one of the largest Thai construction firms) , Deves Insurance (which holds a monopoly on government property insurance and contract insurance) , Siam Commercial Bank (one of the largest Thai banks) , and Shin Corporation (a major Thai telecommunications firm, through the CPB's holdings in Siam Commercial Bank). The CPB also rents or leases about 36,000 properties to third parties, including the sites of the Four Seasons Hotel Bangkok, the Suan Lum Night Bazaar, Siam Paragon and the Central World Tower. The CPB spearheaded a plan to turn Bangkok’s historical Rajadamnoen Avenue into a shopping street known as the “Champs-Élysées of Asia” and in 2007, shocked longtime residents of traditional marketplace districts by serving them with eviction notices.[95] Bhumibol's substantial income from the CPB, estimated to be at least five billion baht in 2004 alone, is exempt from taxes.[95][96] The CPB receives many state privileges. Although the Ministry of Finance technically runs the CPB, it is alleged that decisions are made solely by Bhumibol. It is claimed that the CPB's annual report is for the eyes of Bhumibol alone; the annual report is not released to the public.[95]
In addition, Bhumibol has numerous personal investments independent of the CPB. He is personally the majority shareholder of the Thai Insurance Company and Sammakorn, as well as many other companies.[97]
The CPB has a fleet of three aircraft for the use of the royal family, including a Boeing 737-800 and an Airbus A319. The newer Airbus had been purchased by the Thaksin Shinawatra government for government use, but after the 2006 coup, the junta offered it to the king. The other planes are used by members of the royal family.[98]
Among other vehicles, Bhumibol owns two custom-built stretch limousines from LCW Automotive Corp.[99]
[edit] Lèse majesté
[edit] Scope of the law
Although Bhumibol is held in great respect by many Thais, he is also protected by lèse majesté laws which allow critics to be jailed for three to fifteen years.[100] The laws were toughened during the dictatorship of royalist Premier Tanin Kraivixien, such that criticism of any member of the royal family, the royal development projects, the royal institution, the Chakri Dynasty, or any previous Thai King was also banned.[101] Jail terms for Thai citizens committing lèse majesté are usually harsher than for foreigners.
Social critic Sulak Sivaraksa has been charged several times with lèse majesté, but has always been acquitted. Politician Veera Musikapong was jailed and banned from politics for lèse majesté, despite the palace's opinion that the remarks were harmless. Frenchman Lech Tomacz Kisielwicz refused to switch off a reading light on a Thai Airways flight he shared with two Thai princesses and was jailed under lèse majesté for two weeks after his flight landed in Bangkok.[102] He was acquitted after apologizing to the King. Thossaporn Ruethaiprasertsung was arrested and charged with lèse majesté for making photocopies of leaflets with contents allegedly against the monarchy and the Privy Council.[103]
There is controversy over whether criticism of members of Bhumibol's Privy Council also qualifies as criticism of Bhumibol.[104] Police Special Branch Commander Lt-General Theeradech Rodpho-thong refused to file charges of lèse majesté against activists who launched a petition to oust Privy Council President Prem Tinsulanonda, claiming that the law only applied to members of the royal family.[105] Two days later, he was demoted by Police Commander Seripisut Temivavej.[106] During the Songkran 2009 unrest, Thaksin Shinawatra accused Privy Council President of masterminding the 2006 military coup. Royalists interpreted this as an attack on Bhumibol.
There was also controversy following the death of Princess Galyani Vadhana. The website of Same Sky Books, publishers of Fah Diao Kan magazine, was shut down by the government after comments on its bulletin board questioned claims made by the Thai media that the entire country was in mourning over the death.[107]
Bhumibol himself stated that he was not above criticism in his 2005 birthday speech. "Actually, I must also be criticised. I am not afraid if the criticism concerns what I do wrong, because then I know. Because if you say the king cannot be criticised, it means that the king is not human", he said. "If the king can do no wrong, it is akin to looking down upon him because the king is not being treated as a human being. But the king can do wrong."[108] Despite this, few have dared to call for the repeal of the law. Any doing so have been accused of disloyalty and could also be charged with lèse majesté.[109] Political scientist Giles Ungpakorn noted that "the lèse majesté laws are not really designed to protect the institution of the monarchy. In the past the laws have been used to protect governments, to protect military coups. This whole [royal] image is created to bolster a conservative elite well beyond the walls of the palace."[110]
[edit] Political use of the lèse majesté law
Accusations of lèse majesté are often politically motivated. Premier Thaksin Shinawatra and his political opponent Sondhi Limthongkul both filed charges of lèse majesté against each other during the 2005–2006 political crisis. Thaksin's alleged lèse majesté was one of the stated reasons for the Thai military's 2006 coup.[111][112][113][114]
In 2005, the Department of Special Investigation (DSI) issued arrest warrants for two Swedish citizens, Abdulrosa Jehngoh and Chipley Putra Jehngoh, claiming that their Manusaya.com website contained content insulting to Bhumibol.[115][116] Chipley Putra Jehngoh also held Malaysian and Thai citizenship and at the time lived in the Middle East. Abdulrosa Jehngoh was granted Swedish citizenship and lives in Sweden. The website was hosted in Canada and was linked to separatist organisation in southern Thailand or more specifically the website 'www.pulo.org' which incited separatist movement.[117]
Sondhi, a vocal opposition of Prime Minister Thaksin, often accused Thaksin and his affiliates of lèse majesté. In April 2007, A Bangkok criminal court sentenced Sondhi for defamation for claiming on his Muang Thai Rai Sapda talk show that Thaksin's Deputy Transport Minister, Phumtham Vejjayachai, was linked to the anti-royal Manusaya.com website.[118]
Academics have been investigated for lèse majesté for even questioning the role of the monarchy in Thai society. In 2007, Assistant Professor Boonsong Chaisingkananon of Silpakorn University was investigated for lèse majesté for asking students in an exam if the institution of the monarchy was necessary for Thai society and how it may be reformed to be consistent with the democratic system. The University cooperated with the police investigation, and even turned over students' answer sheets and the marks the professor gave them.[119]
Another case of an academic is that of Australian Harry Nicolaides who in 2005 published a book titled: 'Verisimilitude' with the paragraph:
From King Rama to the Crown Prince, the nobility was renowned for their romantic entanglements and intrigues. The Crown Prince had many wives major and minor with a coterie of concubines for entertainment. One of his recent wives was exiled with her entire family, including a son they conceived together, for an undisclosed indiscretion. He subsequently remarried with another woman and fathered another child. It was rumoured that if the prince fell in love with one of his minor wives and she betrayed him, she and her family would disappear with their name, familial lineage and all vestiges of their existence expunged forever.[120][121]
Even though the book apparently sold less than a dozen copies, a warrant for his arrest was issued. In the summer of 2008 Nicolaides was visiting the country and in August 2008 when he was about to leave he was arrested and incarcerated until his trial, which took place in January 2009. On 19 January, Nicolaides was given a 3 year jail term, reduced from the initial 6 year jail term because of his guilty plea. Nicolaides was released after a royal pardon and arrived back in Australia on Saturday 21 February. Nicolaides was accused of seeking attention to further his career as an author, a charge he denied.[122]
[edit] Insults to Bhumibol's image
Acts deemed insulting to Bhumibol's image are also criminal offences in Thailand. Charges may be filed by anybody, except for Bhumibol himself. In 2007, Oliver Jufer, a Swiss man, was sentenced to 10 years in jail for daubing black paint on portraits of Bhumibol while drunk.[123] The Thai press was requested not to publish any information about the case. "This is a delicate issue and we don't want the public to know much about it," noted chief prosecutor Manoon Moongpanchon.[124] The man originally pleaded innocent, but eventually pleaded guilty to five acts of lèse majesté. Foreign reporters were barred from the hearing.[125] Saprang Kalayanamitr publicly suspected that Jufer was hired to perform the vandalism and ordered a military investigation.[126] Jufer was pardoned by the king less than a month after his conviction.
Other insults to Bhumibol's image that have resulted in criminal complaints of lèse majesté and arrests include placing photographs of anybody above photographs of the King on websites and refusing to stand while the Royal Anthem is played at cinemas.[127][128]
[edit] Internet-based insults
Another high-profile case was the banning of YouTube. On 4 April 2007, the Thai government blocked Thai access to YouTube as a result of a video clip which it deemed insulting to the king.[129][130] Various leaders of the military junta claimed that the clip was an attempt to undermine the monarchy, attack Thailand as a country, and threatened national security.[131] On 28 October 2008, The Ministry of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) announced plans to spend about 100 million to 500 million baht to build a gateway to block websites with contents defaming the royal institution.[132] "More than 4,800 webpages have been blocked since March last year, an ICT official told AFP, notionally because they contain content deemed insulting to Thailand's deeply-revered royal family."[133] This very Wikipedia article has been blocked in Thailand.
[edit] Biographies
American journalist Paul Handley, who spent thirteen years in Thailand, wrote the biography The King Never Smiles. The Information and Communications Ministry banned the book and blocked the book's page on the Yale University Press website in January 2006. In a statement dated 19 January 2006, Thai National Police Chief General Kowit Wattana said the book has "contents which could affect national security and the good morality of the people."[134] The book provides a detailed discussion of Bhumibol's role in Thai political history and also analyzes the factors behind Bhumibol's popularity, though it is sometimes based on rumors which cannot be confirmed.
William Stevenson, who had access to the Royal Court and the Royal Family, wrote the biography The Revolutionary King in 2001.[135] An article in Time says the idea for the book was suggested by Bhumibol.[136]
Critics noted that the book displays intimate knowledge about personal aspects of Bhumibol. However, the book has been unofficially banned in Thailand and the Bureau of the Royal Household has warned the Thai media about even referring to it in print. (An official ban was not possible as it was written with the royal blessing.) The book has been criticised for factual inaccuracies (geographical and historical) , disrespecting Bhumibol (it refers to Bhumibol by his family nickname "Lek") , and proposing a controversial theory explaining the death of King Ananda. Stevenson said, "The king said from the beginning the book would be dangerous for him and for me."[136]
[edit] Succession to the throne

The King's royal cypher and personal flag.
Bhumibol's only son, Prince Vajiralongkorn, was given the title "Somdej Phra Boroma Orasadhiraj Chao Fah Maha Vajiralongkorn Sayam Makutrajakuman" (Crown Prince of Siam) on 28 December 1972 and made heir apparent (องค์รัชทายาท) to the throne in accordance with the Palace Law on Succession of 1924.[137]
On 5 December 1977, Princess Sirindhorn was given the title, "Siam Boromrajakumari" (Princess Royal of Siam). Her title is often translated by the English-language press as "Crown Princess", although her official English-language title is simply "Princess".[138]
Although the constitution was later amended to allow the Privy Council to appoint a princess as successor to the throne, this would only occur in the absence of an heir apparent. This amendment is retained in Section 23 of the 1997 "People's Constitution." This effectively allowed Princess Sirindhorn to potentially be second in line to the throne, but did not affect Prince Vajiralongkorn's status as heir apparent.
Recent constitutions of Thailand have made the amendment of the Palace Law of Succession the sole prerogative of the reigning King. According to Gothom Arya, former Election Commissioner, this allows the reigning king, if he so chooses, to appoint his son or any of his daughters to the throne.[139]