LANNA

"Lanna" redirects here. For other uses, see Lanna (disambiguation).
อาณาจักรล้านนาKingdom of Lanna
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1292–1774
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File:Location Lanna (under King Tilok).pngMap Lanna under King Tilokrat
Capital
Chiangrai (1292 - 1275)Fang (1275 - 1281)Wiang Kum Kam (1281 - 1296)Chiangmai (1296 [edit] Early Establishment
Mangrai, the 25th king of Ngoen Yang of Lavachakkaraj dynasty, centralized the city-states of Ngoen Yang into a unified kingdom and allied with the neighboring Kingdom of Payao. In 1262, Mangrai moved the capital from Ngoenyang (modern Chiang Saen) to the newly-founded Chiangrai – naming the city after himself. Mangrai then expanded to the south and subjugated the Mon Haripunchai kingdom centered on modern Lamphun in 1292. Mangrai swore allegiance with two other kings – Ngam Mueng of Payao and Ramkamhaeng of Sukhothai. Mangrai moved the capital several times. He founded Chiangmai in 1296 and eventually settled there. Claimed territories of Mangrai’s Lanna include modern northern Thailand provinces (with exception of Prae – which was under Sukhothai – and Payao and Nan – the Kingdom of Payao), Kengtung, Mong Nai, and Chiang Hung (modern Jinghong in Yunnan).
[edit] Disunity and Prosperity
In 1317, Mangrai died and was succeeded by his son Paya Chaisongkram. After four months of ascension, Chaisongkram moved the capital to Chiangrai and appointed his son Thau Saen Phu as the Uparaja King of Chiangmai. Chaisongkram’s brother, Khun Kruea the King of Mong Nai, invaded Chiang Mai for the throne. Facing the invasion of his own uncle, Saen Phu fled the city. Thau Nam Tuam, another son of Chaisongkram, intervened and repelled Khun Kruea. Chaisongkram then appointed Nam Tuam the Uparaja replacing Saen Phu in 1322. However, it was rumored that Nam Tuam was planning a rebellion, so Chaisongkram turned back to Saen Phu in 1324.
Paya Kam Fu, son of Saen Phu, moved the capital to Chiang Saen in 1334, only to be returned to Chiang Mai by his son Pa Yu. Theravada religion prospered in Lanna during the reign of religious Kue Na who established the dhatu of Doi Suthep in 1386. Kue Na promoted the Lankawongse sect and invited monks from Sukhothai to replace the existing the Mon Theravada that Lanna inherited from Haripunchai.
Lanna enjoyed the peace under Saenmuengma (which means ten thousands cities arrive – to pay tribute). Only disturbing event was the failed rebellion by his uncle Prince Maha Prommatat. Maha Prommatat requested aids from Ayutthaya. Borommaracha I of Ayutthaya sent his troops to invade Lanna but was repelled – the first armed conflicts between the two kingdoms. Lanna faced invasions from newly-established Ming dynasty in the reign of Sam Fang Kaen.
[edit] - 1768)Chiang Saen (1768 - 1774)Lanna kingdom was strongest under Tilokaraj (1441 - 1487). Tilokaraj seized the throne from his father Sam Fang Kaen in 1441. Tilokaraj’s brother, Thau Choi, rebelled to reclaim the throne for his father and sought Ayutthayan support. Borommaracha II sent his troops to Lanna in 1442 but was repelled and the rebellion was suppressed. Tilokaraj conquered the neighboring Kingdom of Payao in 1456.
Main article: Ayutthaya-Lanna War
To the south, the emerging Kingdom of Ayutthaya was also growing powerful. The relations of the two kingdoms had been worsened since the Ayutthayan support of Thau Choi's rebellion. In 1451, Yuttitthira, a Sukhothai royalty who had conflicts with Trailokanat of Ayutthaya, gave himself to Tilokaraj. Yuttitthira urged Trilokanat to invade Pitsanulok which he had claims on – igniting Ayutthaya-Lanna War over Upper Chao Phraya valley i.e. the Kingdom of Sukhothai. In 1460, the governor of Chaliang surrendered to Tilokaraj. Trailokanat then used the new strategy and concentrated on the wars with Lanna by moving the capital to Pitsanulok. Lanna suffered setbacks and Tilokaraj eventually sued for peace in 1475.
Tilokaraj was also a strong patron of Theravada. In 1477, the Buddhist Council of Tripitaka Recompilation was held near Chiang Mai. Tilokaraj also built and rehabilitated many notable temples. In 1480, Tilokaraj sent aids to help the King of Lan Xang to free his kingdom from Vietnamese occupation. Tilokaraj then expanded to the west to the Shan States of Laikha, Hsipaw, Mong Nai, and Yawnghwe
Language(s)
Lanna language
Religion
Theravada Buddhism
Government
Monarchy
King
- 1292 - 1342
Mangrai the Great
- 1441 - 1487
Tilokarat
- 1578 - 1607
Noratra Mangsosri
Historical era
Early Modern
- Capture of Haripunchai
1292
- Foundation of Chiangmai
1296
- Ayutthaya-Lanna War
1456 - 1474
- Fell to the Burmese under Bayinnaung
1558
- Siamese Capture by Taksin
1774
History of Thailand
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History from 1932-1973
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2005-2006 Political crisis
2006 Coup d'état
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The Kingdom of Lanna (Thai: อาณาจักรล้านนา, Kingdom of Million Rice Fields) was a state in what is now northern Thailand from the 13th to 18th centuries. The cultural development of the people of Lanna, the Tai Yuan people, had begun long before as successive Tai Yuan kingdoms preceded Lanna. As a continuation of the Ngoenyang kingdom, Lanna emerged strong enough in the 15th century to rival the Ayutthaya kingdom, with whom great wars were fought. However, Lanna was weakened and then fell under Burmese tributary. From the 16th century, Lanna was ruled by successive puppet kings appointed by the Burmese kings, though some enjoyed autonomy. The Burmese rule gradually withdrew but then resumed as the new Konbaung dynasty expanded Burmese influences. Taksin of Thonburi finally took Lanna in 1774 and broke it down into a number of tributary kingdoms